Ang kuryente nga giprodukta sa direkta nga pag-abot sa adlaw sa mga solar cells, gitawag og solar electricity.
Kung ang adlaw mogabot sa mga solar cells, gigiprodukta ang solar electricity. Kini usab gitawag og Photo Voltaic Solar o PV Solar.
Ang pag-generar sa kuryente pinaagi sa solar energy nag-asa sa photo voltaic effect. Sa photo voltaic effect, ang semiconductor p n junction mogiprodukta og electric potential kung ma-expose sa adlaw. Aron makuha kini, ang n type semiconductor layer sa junction giingon ug dili mobati. Ang top layer mao ang n layer. Kasagaran mitawag kini isip emitter sa cell.
Ang bottom layer mao ang p type semiconductor layer ug mas tabok kaysa sa top n layer. Makadaghan pa kini sa 100 µm. Gitawag kini isip base sa cell. Ang depletion region gigibuti sa junction sa duha ka layers tungod sa immobile ions.
Kung ang adlaw mogabot sa cell, dali ra kini magabot sa p n junction. Ang p n junction mogabsorbe sa photons sa adlaw ug makaprodukta og electrons holes pairs sa junction. Ang energy sa photon mogiexcite sa valence electrons sa semiconductor atoms ug ang electrons mogihubo sa conduction band gikan sa valence band nag-iwan og hole.
Ang free electrons, makita nimo sa depletion region, dali ra mogihubo sa top n layer tungod sa attraction force sa positive ions sa depletion region. Parehas niini, ang holes makita nimo sa depletion region, dali ra mogihubo sa bottom p layer tungod sa attraction force sa negative ions sa depletion region. Kini makaprodukta og charge difference tali sa layers ug resulta og tiny potential difference tali sa layers.
Ang unit sa kombinasyon sa n type ug p type semiconductor materials aron mogiprodukta og electric potential difference sa adlaw gitawag og solar cell. Ang silicon kasagaran gamiton isip material sa semiconductor para moprodukta og solar cell.
Ang conductive metal strips nga giattach sa cells mogiprotekt sa solar cell o photo voltaic cell dili kapakyas mogiprodukta og desired electricity kundi ang tiny amount ra. Kaya aron mogiprodukta og desired level of electricity, kinahanglan ang required numbers of such cells nga gi-connect together in both parallel and series aron mogibuti sa solar module o photo voltaic module. Ang main factor mao ang light o beam of photons aron mogiprodukta og electricity sa solar cell. Kaya ang solar cell mahimo ra magtrabaho sa cloudy weather as well as in moonlight pero ang rate of electricity production mohitabo law kay depende sa intensity of incident light ray.
Ang solar electric power generation system useful for producing moderate amount of power. Ang system works as long as there is a good intensity of natural sunlight. Ang place where solar modules are installed should be free from obstacles such as trees and buildings otherwise there will be the shade on the solar panel which affects the performance of the system. It is a general view that solar electricity is an impractical alternative of the conventional source of electricity and should be used when there is no traditional alternative of the conventional source of electricity available. But this is not the actual case. Often it seems that solar electricity is more money saving alternative than other traditional alternatives of conventional electricity.
For examples : – It is always economical to install a solar light or a solar power source where it is difficult and costly to get point from local electric supply authority such as in remote garden, shed or garage where standard electric supply point is not available. The solar electricity system is more reliable and uninterrupted as it does not suffer from unwanted power cut from an electric supply company. For constructing a mobile electric power source, for moderate power requirements, the solar module is a good choice. It can be useful whilst camping, working on outdoor sites. It is most effective means of creating green energy for our own purpose and may be for selling surplus energy to customers but for producing electricity in commercial scale the investment and volume of the system become large enough.
In that case area of the project will be much larger than conventional one. Although for running few lights and low-power electrical gadgets such as laptop computer, portable sized television, mini fridge etc solar electricity system is quite suitable provided there is sufficient free space on ground or on the roof top for installing solar panels. But it is not at all economical to run high-power consuming electric pieces of equipment like high-speed fans, heaters, washing machines, air conditioners and power tools with the help of solar electricity as the cost of production such high energy is quite higher that it is expected. Moreover, there may be the lack of space availability in your premises for installation of a large solar panel.
Ideal uses of low-cost solar panels are charging batteries in caravans and recreational vehicles or on boats when these are not in movement provided there should be trickle charging facility from dynamo during movement of these vehicles.
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