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Akwai kungiyoyi uku da dama na ilimi mai kawo aiki kuma su ne

1. Ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki

2. Ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki.

3. Ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki.

A nan ba ni da muhimmanci a fada ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki saboda haka za a bayyana masu wani cikakken bayanai. Ilimi mai kawo aiki ta kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki kamar ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki, ilimi mai kawo aiki, ilimi mai kawo aiki da ilimi mai kawo aiki kamar haka. Duk ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki ana amfani da tattalin ilimi mai kawo aiki don kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki amma kamar yadda a sanin da duk tattalin ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki take da yanayi maka ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki take da yanayi.

A nan akwai wasu nisa da ake iya gaba da ilimi mai kawo aiki. A nan za a gaba da su a nan:

Ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki

Waɗannan ilimi mai kawo aiki sun baka amsa a kan tsari na ilimi mai kawo aiki. Misali Rayleigh’s current balance da Tangent galvanometer su ne ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki.

Ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki

Waɗannan ilimi mai kawo aiki sun baka a kan ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki. Ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki sun baka a kan ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki. Su ke amfani da waɗannan ilimi mai kawo aiki a maimaita ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki saboda ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki take da yanayi.

Wasu nisa da ake iya gaba da ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki ita ce a haka:

Ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki

A nan na ilimi mai kawo aiki, pointer na ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki ya zama don kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki. Za a kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki a kan net deflection na pointer daga wannan lokacin. Don in fahimta waɗannan ilimi mai kawo aiki muna samun misali a nan da za a samu ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki da ya zama don kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki:

Wannan rubutu na biyu na ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki da ya zama don kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki. Deflection na moving coil ya zama don kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki. Saboda haka torque ya zama don kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki wanda ya baka a kan Td = K.I, inda Td ya zama deflecting torque.

K ya zama proportionality constant wanda ya baka a kan strength na magnetic field da kuma number of turns na coil. Pointer ya zama don kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki a kan two opposite forces produced by the spring and the magnets. Da kuma direction na pointer ya zama don kawo aiki na abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki. Abubuwan ilimi mai kawo aiki ya zama don kawo aiki na angle θ, da kuma value of K.

Ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki

A nan na ilimi mai kawo aiki, ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki sun baka a kan pointer na ilimi mai kawo aiki. Sun baka a kan pointer na ilimi mai kawo aiki a kan producing opposing effect. Saboda haka don in yi ilimi mai kawo aiki na ilimi mai kawo aiki a nan:

1. Value of opposite effect should be known in order to calculate the value of unknown quantity.

2. Detector shows the balance and the unbalance condition accurately.

Detector should also have the means for restoring force.
Let us look at the advantages and disadvantages of deflection and null type of measuring instruments:

1. Deflection type of instruments is less accurate than the null type of instruments. It is because, in the null deflecting instruments the opposing effect is calibrated with the high degree of accuracy while the calibration of the deflection type instruments depends on the value of instrument constant hence usually not having high degree of accuracy.

2. Null point type instruments are more sensitive than the Deflection type instruments.

3. Deflection type instruments are more suitable under dynamic conditions than null type of instruments as the intrinsic responses of the null type instruments are slower than deflection type instruments.

Following are the important three functions of the electrical measuring instruments.

Indicating Function

These instruments provide information regarding the variable quantity under measurement and most of the time this information are provided by the deflection of the pointer. This kind of function is known as the indicating function of the instruments.

Recording Function

These instruments usually use the paper in order to record the output. This type of function is known as the recording function of the instruments.

Controlling Function

This is function is widely used in industrial world. In this topic these instruments controls the processes.
Now there are two characteristics of electrical measuring instruments and measurement systems. They are written below:

Static Characteristics

In these type of characteristics measurement of quantities are either constant or vary slowly with the time. Few main static characteristics are written below:

1. Accuracy:
   It is desirable quality in measurement. It is defined as the degree of the closeness with which instrument reading approaches the true value of the quantity being measured. Accuracy can be expressed in three ways

   
   

1. Point accuracy

2. Accuracy as the percentage of scale of range

3. Accuracy as percentage of true value.

2. Sensitivity:
   It is also desirable quality in the measurement. It is defined as the ratio of the magnitude response of the output signal to the magnitude response of the input signal.

3. Reproducibility:
   It is again a desirable quality. It is defined as the degree of the closeness with which a given quantity may be repeatedly measured. High value of reproducibility means low value of drift. Drift are of three types

   
   

1. Zero drift

2. Span drift

3. Zonal drift

Dynamic Characteristics

These characteristics are related with the rapidly changing quantities therefore in order to understand these types of characteristics we are required to study the dynamic relations between the input and the output.

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