Dizaynê Optimal û Promotasyona û Averîna Bir Birkarvekerên Vakûmî ya Berj Hewa Yekîta Volta Geliyan

Bingeha dengazê dişîn pirzûma xwe û şîtina pêşkeftina cihê ya modern. Hedefi binyan bikeşin bingeha dengazê ku tewazî û zekî ne ku bingeha dengazê modern bikin ku tewazî û zekî ne ku tewazî û zekî ne ku amna, hêza, efektîve û yekbûyîne, ku derketina bingeha dengazê bêhêze bibike, û bingeha dengazê be platformeke yekbûyî yên werekê yên serbestkirina anjamanên nergirtiyê, platformeke xizmetan yên kêfayetkirina vêstên pelê, û platformeke bindestana amnaye nergirtiya wêlat.

Cikilên high-voltage di sisteman dengazê de herêmî yên kontrol û parastina herêmî ne. Berbi çi rengê dengazê be, wek no-load, loaded, an short-circuit fault, dema ku keribî e, cikil dikare bi tewalî werke, ya ji bo bigerînan an vegirîna cihê.

ZW32-12/630-20 outdoor high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker yek cihê ye ku zafere serdemerdî di cihên 12 kV de hatî. Li gorî hejmara sê stîn û struktûra girtî, dibeydeya kevankirina wekî tevahî, rûniya basit û hêsan, leyan e, mezinahiya qulî, û li vir kirina pole yekbûyî ye. Li gorî pirrûbarên wan, lêkolîn di piştgiriya hilîna salên dawî de hatine, wan biguherînin û berdibandin teknîkî û teknolojî yên ku karibî hatine destnîşan kirin, ku hatine wergerandin û serlêdan.

1. Wêneya Pêşgotina û Prinsîpan

Peyvên keyî yên "12th Five-Year Plan" transformasyon û pêşkeftina. Ji bo barkerinendana industriyên tradîsyonal bi teknolojîya zekî, barkerinendana core competitiveness yên çarzan bi transformasyon û pêşkeftina industriyayê, û pêşkeftina elektrikî yên rêzgariyê. Li serferdanek State Grid Corporation di 2005 de, "promoting standardized construction of the power grid, unifying technical standards for power grid engineering construction at all levels, promoting the application of typical designs, optimizing designs, saving investment, and improving efficiency." Bunaqela, diştîna pelê, tepkil edarkirina pêwistîyên pelê, û pêşkeftina û pêşkeftina çarzan bi standardên, tiştên pêwist û acil yên industry high-voltage switch.

Prinsîpan: amnê, tewalî, teknolojiya pêş, investîsyonê raşt, standardên yekbûyî, û operasyonê efektîv. Tencasena bêtirina yekbûyî, tewalî, pêş, ekonomî, adaptability, flexibility, timeliness, û harmony.

2. Agahdarî yên Optimal Design

2.1 Design Layout of the Isolator Switch

Li cikilên existing equipped with isolator switches, isolator switches hatine saz kirin li ser rûpel outgoing line. Li gorî navkirina we, wan navkirinan:

• Drawback 1: The isolation blade is electrically connected to the outgoing line contact on the current transformer that is linked to the vacuum circuit breaker. Regardless of whether the circuit breaker and the isolator switch are in the open or closed state, the incoming line end of the circuit breaker is always live, which is not conducive to the inspection and maintenance of the circuit breaker.

• Drawback 2: The proximity of the isolation blade to the current transformer interferes with the installation, wiring, and daily maintenance of the current transformer, increasing the difficulty of its inspection.

To address the above-mentioned technical issues, we have adopted the following technical solution, as shown in Figure 1.

1.Circuit breaker mechanism box 2.Current transformer 3.Insulating post 4.Isolation knife switch 5.Insulating pull rod 6.Post insulator 7.Isolator switch support

2. Content of the Optimal Design

2.1 Design Layout of the Isolator Switch

The isolator switch is installed on the power supply side of the circuit breaker, and a reliable mechanical interlock is set between the isolator switch and the circuit breaker.

• Advantage 1: When both the circuit breaker and the isolator switch are in the open state, an obvious isolation gap is formed between them. At this time, the installation, maintenance, and inspection of the circuit breaker can be carried out with confidence, reducing the difficulty of circuit breaker maintenance.

• Advantage 2: The isolator switch and the current transformer are installed on the incoming and outgoing line sides of the circuit breaker respectively, so they will not affect each other during maintenance, facilitating the inspection of the current transformer and the isolator switch.

2.2 Flexible Selection of the Current Transformer Ratio

Generally, the current transformers of outdoor pole-mounted high-voltage vacuum circuit breakers have two installation structures: internal and external. Due to space limitations, most current transformers have a single-winding design, which makes it difficult for users to adjust the ratio according to the load in the future. This increases investment to some extent and causes a waste of resources.

To address this issue, we have made many innovations and designs in terms of structure and process technology.

• Solution 1: Dual-winding current transformers are used for protection and metering, meeting the needs of different power users.

• Solution 2: Multi-tap current transformers are used for over-current protection. For example, current transformers with ratios of 200/5, 400/5, and 600/5 are configured. A control box is set on the left side of the box shell, and a CT ratio conversion switch is designed at the bottom of the control box. This greatly facilitates users to adjust the ratio on-site according to the actual load, as shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4.

2.3 Increasing the External Insulation Creepage Distance

The creepage distance (leakage distance) refers to the shortest distance along the insulating surface between two conductors. From the perspective of product reliability, air insulation is the most reliable. As long as the net insulation distances between conductors of different phases and between conductors and the ground are ensured, the insulation can be guaranteed.

Outdoor products operate under relatively harsh conditions and are exposed to various climatic conditions throughout the year. This makes them prone to mechanical or electrical problems, which directly affect the reliability and safety of power supply and normal production. Therefore, this factor should be fully considered in design and manufacturing to ensure the product's reliability in various environments.

In response to the above-mentioned situation, for all insulating parts of the outdoor switch directly exposed to the external environment, including bushings, current transformers, insulating pull rods, and post insulators, we have increased the density of the shed skirts. As a result, the creepage distance has reached 372 mm (as shown in Figure 1). This improvement enhances the overall structural insulation performance, expands the usage environment and locations of this type of vacuum circuit breaker, allowing it to be used in environments with high dust, high humidity, and heavy salt spray, and eliminates potential short-circuit risks caused by insulation issues.

1.CT ratio conversion switch 2.Control box Front elevation view of the improved circuit breaker (Figure 2)

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the CT ratio conversion switchNote: The "0" position indicates no protection and short circuit.

Upgrading to an Intelligent Circuit Breaker

With the continuous expansion of the automation field in the power system, distribution network automation products have ushered in new development opportunities. Based on the ZW32-12/630-20 model, our company has independently developed a new product: the outdoor intelligent high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker. It is mainly composed of four major parts: the vacuum circuit breaker body, a three-phase integrated zero-sequence current transformer, an FDK-type controller, and an external voltage transformer, as shown in Figure 5.

This intelligent circuit breaker is widely used in 10 kV urban and rural overhead loop network lines. It can serve as a sectional isolating switch and a tie switch, and is an automated switching device that enables the automatic allocation of load in the loop network lines. In the branch lines supplying large users, it can be used as a boundary switch (commonly known as a "watchdog"). In the overhead feeder distribution network, it can function as a recloser and a sectionizer.

The boundary circuit breaker features a remote management mode, protection control functions, and communication functions. It can reliably detect and judge zero-sequence currents in the milliampere range and phase-to-phase short-circuit fault currents within its boundary. It can automatically cut off single-phase grounding faults and phase-to-phase short-circuit faults, ensuring the stable and reliable operation of the power grid.

Main Functions

• Function 1: Single-phase Grounding Fault Handling
  When a single-phase grounding fault occurs in the user's branch line, the intelligent circuit breaker automatically trips. Other branch users in the substation and on the feeder are not affected by the fault.

• Function 2: Inter-phase Short-circuit Fault Isolation
  In case of an inter-phase short-circuit fault in the user's branch line, the intelligent circuit breaker trips before the outgoing line protection switch of the substation, automatically isolating the faulty line without causing power outages for other branch users on the feeder.

• Function 3: Rapid Fault Location
  After the intelligent circuit breaker trips due to a fault in the user's branch line, only the responsible user experiences a power outage. The user actively reports the fault information, enabling the power supply department to quickly dispatch personnel to the site for troubleshooting.

• Function 4: User Load Monitoring
  The intelligent circuit breaker can be equipped with wired or wireless communication accessories to transmit monitoring data to the power monitoring and management center, enabling remote real-time data monitoring of the user's load. The intelligent circuit breaker can be tripped via SMS or a computer-based back-end system.

Conclusion

Outdoor high-voltage vacuum circuit breakers use overhead connections for both incoming and outgoing lines. They offer advantages such as small footprint, clear layout, convenient operation and maintenance, fewer structures, and fast construction and installation. During the design and manufacturing processes, continuous improvement and optimization of various performance aspects should be carried out to achieve excellence, ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the product.