چۆن سیلیکا ژێل دەبێت ئامادەیەکی هیدروسکوپی بەدات لە سیستەمی هاوڕێزەکانی ترانسفۆرمەر؟
Rôle ya Gelê Silika li Sisteman Breathing ya Transformer
Gelê silika (Silica Gel) yek absorbant bêtikirî ye ku bi sifatên xwerû yên hêzdar e, qebullan di serperestan de hatîn bikar anîn ji bo kirina keskek ên da ve û pelastin ji serkeftina. Li sisteman breathing ya transformer, gelê silika yekêm ekserî digereye ji bo absorbkirina serkeftina wan derbaran ku di navbera tanki transformer de dîne, wan ku serkeftina ne wekheviyê ji bohîn û materyalan insulation, wêjî piştgiriya performance ya insulation ya transformer.
1. Mechanism ya Karesh
Mechanism ya Adsorption: Gelê silika yek sayî pêkhatî yek sayî mikropores di surface-a xwe de heye, ku dikare moleculekan serkeftina ji hewlê reabsorb bike. Wan ku hewlê di navbera breather ya transformer de dîne, serkeftina wekheviyê ji gelê silika absorbdike, wan ku hewlê tîr bike di tank de.
Reversibility: Process ya adsorption ya gelê silika yek reversibile ye. Wan ku hewlê di serkeftina ku hewlê tîr bike, dikare ji nûvekirina jînîyan ve nûvekirin, wan ku hewlê tîr bike serkeftina absorbdike û vegerîna sifatên hêzdar. Ev gelê silika dikare bikar bibe, wan ku hewlê jîyan service bike.
2. Serkar destpêkirina Gelê Silika li Sisteman Breathing ya Transformer
Breather: Transformeran ziyadetan bi breather (ji bo desiccant breather da) hatine hatekî tanki oil ji atmosfera. Di breather de, gelê silika filter î hewlê reabsorb bike, dibixwazîn wan ku hewlê tîr bike di tank de. Wan ku hewlê di temperatureya internal ya transformer de guherîne, pressure internal ya tank guherîne, wan ku hewlê gas exchange di navbera tank û environmenta outside de. Gelê silika di breather de serkeftina absorb bike, wan ku hewlê tîr bike di tank de.
Sealing System: Di wan transformeran de, gelê silika bi desiccant û sealing system hatine hatekî tanki, wan ku hewlê tîr bike di tank de ji navbera areas sealed poorly.
Consequences of Inadequate Humidity Control
Ji hêla ku control humidity di transformer de nebe, serkeftina dikare di tank de binivîse û di transformer oil de dissolves û deposit on the insulation materials, leading to a series of issues that can severely affect the transformer's performance and lifespan. Below are the main consequences of inadequate humidity control:
1. Degradation of Insulation Performance
Impact on Insulation Materials: Moisture reduces the dielectric strength of both transformer oil and solid insulation materials (such as paper and fiber). As moisture content increases, the dielectric constant of the insulation materials rises, and the breakdown voltage decreases, making partial discharges or short circuits more likely.
Accelerated Aging: Moisture also accelerates the aging process of insulation materials, shortening the transformer's lifespan. In high-temperature conditions, moisture can combine with oxidation products in the oil to form acidic substances, further corroding the insulation materials.
2. Deterioration of Oil Quality
Excess Moisture in Oil: When moisture enters the transformer oil, it alters the physical and chemical properties of the oil. Moisture promotes oxidation reactions in the oil, generating acidic substances and precipitates, which reduce the oil's antioxidant capacity and cooling efficiency.
Impaired Heat Transfer: Moisture reduces the thermal conductivity of the oil, affecting the transformer's heat dissipation. This can lead to higher operating temperatures, accelerating the aging and damage of insulation materials.
3. Partial Discharge and Arc Faults
Partial Discharge: Moisture lowers the breakdown voltage of the oil, especially in high-voltage transformers, increasing the likelihood of partial discharge. Partial discharge not only damages insulation materials but can also lead to arc faults, causing sudden transformer shutdowns.
Arc Faults: Severe moisture ingress can result in arc faults, potentially leading to fires or explosions, posing significant safety risks to the power system.
4. Corrosion of Core and Windings
Corrosion of Metal Components: Moisture entering the transformer tank can come into contact with metal components such as the core and windings, causing corrosion. This effect is accelerated when the oil contains acidic substances, weakening the mechanical strength of the metal components and affecting the transformer's normal operation.
Winding Deformation: Moisture can cause the insulation layers of the windings to soften or swell, leading to winding deformation or short circuits. In severe cases, the windings may need to be replaced, increasing maintenance costs.
5. Impact on Transformer Reliability
Frequent Shutdowns: Due to degraded insulation performance, deteriorated oil quality, and other issues, the transformer may experience frequent faults, requiring shutdowns for maintenance, which can impact the stability and reliability of the power system.
Shortened Lifespan: Long-term inadequate humidity control can accelerate the aging of the transformer, shortening its lifespan and increasing the costs of maintenance and replacement.
Ensuring Effective Humidity Control
To ensure effective humidity control and avoid the above problems, the following measures are necessary:
Regular Inspection of Silica Gel Condition: Silica gel changes color (typically from blue to pink) when it absorbs moisture. It should be replaced or regenerated promptly when it becomes saturated to maintain its hygroscopic capacity.
Maintain Breather Ventilation: Ensure that the breather remains unobstructed, allowing air to pass through the silica gel for proper drying. Avoid blockages that could impede the flow of air.
Strengthen Sealing: Regularly inspect the transformer's sealing system to ensure that the tank is well-sealed, preventing moisture from entering through poorly sealed areas.
Monitor Moisture Content in Oil: Periodically sample and analyze the moisture content in the transformer oil to detect inadequate humidity control early and take corrective actions.
Install Dehumidification Equipment: For large transformers or those operating in humid environments, consider installing dehumidification equipment (such as dry air generators) to enhance humidity control.
Summary
Gelê silika rola herî bêtikirî li sisteman breathing ya transformer hatîn bikar anîn ji bo absorbkirina serkeftina wan derbaran ku di navbera tanki transformer de dîne, piştgiriya performance ya insulation û oil quality. Ji hêla ku control humidity nebe, serkeftina dikare di tank de binivîse, wan ku hewlê çend problemên din, wan ku hewlê performance ya insulation, oil quality, partial discharge, metal component corrosion, û reduced transformer reliability û lifespan. Wan li vir, ensuring good condition ya gelê silika û implementing effective humidity control measures essential for maintaining safe û stable operation ya transformers.
