Me Ya Karamin Tashin AC da DC Generators?

Karamin Kirkiro da AC zuwa DC Generators

Aikin kasa ce wata zaba da ke canza energy na yara zuwa energy na kasa kuma idan. Generator ce wata ne daga cikin aikin kasa wadanda ke canza energy na yara zuwa energy na kasa. Amma, energy na kasa da aka fara za su iya a kan tsari na alternating current (AC) ko direct current (DC). Saboda haka, farkon mafi yawa a bayan AC da DC generators shine cewa suke fara alternating current da direct current ta hanyar. Idan akwai wasu mutane a nan, akwai karamin kirkiro masu yawa.

Abubuwan da za su taka shirya bayan karamin kirkiro a nan, za mu tattaunawa ya fi generator ya fara energy na kasa & ya fi AC & DC suka fara.

Farawa Energy na Kasa

Energy na kasa ta fara da yanayi da Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, wanda ya ce mai yin current na kasa ko electromotive force (EMF) za su fara a kan conductora idan an baka shi a kan magnetic field na rawa. Duka AC da DC generators sun yi aiki da wannan yanayi a kan farawa electric current.

Akwai biyu na hukumomi don canza magnetic field na conductors: ya kamata a yi karfi magnetic field wajen conductor na gaba, ko ya kamata a yi karfi conductor a kan magnetic field na gaba. A duk hukumomin, magnetic field lines na da takarda da conductors za su fara, saboda haka za su fara electric current a kan conductors.

Alternator ya amfani da yanayi da rotating magnetic field wajen conductor na gaba, amma ba za a tattaunawa a wannan rubutu ba.

AC Generator: Slip Rings da Alternators

Idan slip rings sun kasance continuous conductive rings, suna fara alternating current da aka fara a kan armature kamar yadda ya fara. Idan brushes suna ciyarciyar a kan wannan rings, babu nasara a kan short circuits ko sparking da components. Wannan ya haɗa da service life na brushes a AC generators daidai da DC generators.

Alternator ce wata ne daga cikin biyu na AC-only generators, wanda ya kasance armature na gaba da magnetic field na karfi. Saboda electric current ya fara a kan part na gaba, ya sahansu da take fara a kan external circuit na gaba. A duk hukumomin, brushes suna samu abin da yake da damu, wanda ya haɗa da durability.

DC Generator

DC generator ce wata zaba da ke canza energy na yara zuwa direct current (DC) energy na kasa, ko kuma ake kira dynamo. Yana fara pulsating direct current, inda magnitude na current ya iya canzawa amma direction ya zama mafi yawa.

Current na fara a kan armature conductors na karfi shine alternating. Don in canza hakan zuwa DC, ana amfani da split-ring commutator. Commutator ya ci current daga armature na karfi zuwa stationary circuit, kuma ya haɗa da direction na supplied current ta zama mafi yawa.

Split-Ring Commutator a DC Generators

Split-ring commutator na kasance single ring-shaped conductor da aka divide a biyu, da gap insulating a nan. Kafin da biyu na split ring an kunshi terminal na armature winding, duwatsu carbon brushes na gaba suna ci sliding contact a kan commutator na karfi don supply current zuwa external circuit.

Idan armature ya karfi da induced AC current ya canza direction har da half-cycle, split-ring commutator ya haɗa da current supplied zuwa circuit ta zama mafi yawa:

• A lokacin da half-rotation, current ya ci a kan brush zuwa circuit.

• A lokacin da half-rotation na biyu, commutator segments ya canza contact a kan brushes, da ya canza internal current direction amma ya haɗa da external current flow ta zama mafi yawa.

Amma, gap a nan da ke cikin commutator segments ya fara biyu na abubuwa:

• Sparking: Idan brushes suka transition a kan segments, suka bridge gap na momentary, wanda ya fara short circuits da sparkling.

• Brush Wear: Arcing da stress na mechanical suna haɗa da degradation na brushes, wanda ya haɗa da efficiency da lifespan na generator.

Wannan abubuwa suna buƙaci a yi maintenance da replacement na brushes a DC generators daidai da AC generators da slip rings.