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Me kana Da Daukan Lampa Fluorescent?

Lampa fluorescent shine da yawan kayan lampa hawa na mercury wanda ya amfani da fluorescence don bayar da tsohon lama. Wadanda ake sanya da karamin jiki a cikin gas, ya sauran hawa mai mercury don bayar da uwarshe na ultraviolet a cikin tashin shiga, kuma uwarshe na ultraviolet ya ba zuba masu kofin lampa don bayar da tsohon lama.

Lampa fluorescent ta yi hakuri na tsohon lama daga energy mai jiki zuwa energy mai tsohon lama da ma'ana da mafi karfi da lampa incandescent. Yadda ake nuna tsarin tsohon lama na systemen lampa fluorescent shine 50 zuwa 100 lumens per watt, wanda shine goma sha'awa da lampa incandescent da take da matsayinta daidai.

Ana Iya Kari Lampa Fluorescent?

Idan an iya bincike sunan tsohon lampa fluorescent, za a nuna circuit da ke faruwa a cikin lampa fluorescent ko tube light.

A nan ana ce ballast, switch, kuma supply suka zama series kamar yadda ake nuna. Sannan ana ce tube fluorescent da starter a kan buga.

• Idan an yi switch ON supply, voltage mai kula ta shiga lampa, kuma ta shiga starter a kan ballast. Amma a wannan lokaci, babu discharge, kuma babu tsohon lama daga lampa.

• A wannan voltage mai kula, discharge mai glow ta faru a kan starter. Wannan shine saboda fadada electrodes a kan neon bulb na starter ya fi kadan da fadada lampa fluorescent.

• Sannan gas a kan starter ya samu ionization saboda voltage mai kula, kuma ya sauka bimetallic strip. Wannan ya haɗa a kan fixed contact. Don haka, current ta faru a kan starter. Idan ionization potential na neon ya fiya da argon, amma saboda fadada electrodes mai kadan, gradient mai voltage mai kulan ta shiga neon bulb, kuma discharge mai glow ta faru a kan starter.

• Idan current ta faru a kan touched contacts na neon bulb na starter, voltage a kan neon bulb ya rage saboda current, ya ba voltage drop a kan inductor(ballast). A lokacin voltage rage a kan neon bulb na starter, ba za a faru discharge mai gas, kuma bimetallic strip ya rage, kuma ya ciyar da fixed contact. A lokacin ciyaron contacts a kan neon bulb na starter, current ta rage, kuma a wannan lokaci, surge mai voltage mai kulan ta shiga inductor(ballast).

  

• Surge mai voltage mai kulan ta shiga electrodes na lampa fluorescent (tube light) kuma ta shiga penning mixture (mixture na gas argon da mercury vapor).

• Process mai discharge ta faru kuma ta ci gaba, kuma current ta faru a kan tube fluorescent (tube light) daidai. A lokacin discharge na penning gas mixture, resistance da gas ya ba shine da resistance na starter.

• Discharge na mercury atoms ta bayar da uwarshe na ultraviolet, wanda ya haɗa a kan kofin phosphor powder don bayar da tsohon lama.

• Starter ta rage a lokacin tsohon lampa fluorescent (tube light) saboda current ba ta faru a kan starter a wannan lokaci.

Fisika na Lampa Fluorescent

Idan voltage mai kulan ta shiga electrodes, electric field mai kulan ta faru. Current mai kadan ta shiga filaments na electrodes, kuma ta saukan filaments. Saboda filaments na oxide coating, electrons mai kadan ta faru, kuma sun ci gaba daga cathode zuwa anode saboda electric field mai kulan. A lokacin movement na free electrons, process mai discharge ta faru.

Process mai discharge ba tabbas ba ya faru waɗannan steps:

1. Free electrons ta faru daga electrodes, kuma sun ci gaba saboda electric field mai kulan.

2. Kinetic energy na free electrons ta ci gaba don excitation energy na gas atoms.

3. Excitation energy na gas atoms ta ci gaba don radiation.

A cikin process mai discharge, spectral line mai kulan 253.7 nm ta faru a pressure mai kadan na mercury vapor. Don bayar da uwarshe na 253.7 nm, temperature na bulb ta ci 105 zuwa 115oF. Ratio na length zuwa diameter na tube ya ci waɗanda loss mai wattage mai kadan ta faru a duk biyu. Inda loss mai wattage ko glow na electrodes ta faru shine cathode fall region. Loss mai wattage ya fiye. Filaments na oxide coating ta ba free electrons mai kadan. Hot cathodes, shine wadanda ake sauke da current mai circulation, kuma current mai circulation ta faru a kan choke ko control gear. Wasu lamps suna da cold cathode. Cold cathodes suna da area mai kadan, kuma voltage mai kulan 11 kv ta faru a kan su don bayar da ions. Gas ta faru discharge saboda application mai voltage mai kulan. Amma a 100 zuwa 200 V, cathode glow ta rage daga cathode, shine cathode fall. Wannan ta ba ions mai kadan, kuma sun ci gaba zuwa anode don bayar da secondary electrons, wanda suke bayar da ions daidai. Amma cathode-fall a hot cathode discharge ya ci 10 V.

Tarihi da Gargajiya Lampa Fluorescent

• A shekarar 1852, Sir George Stokes ya gano transformation na uwarshe na ultraviolet ray zuwa tsohon lama.

• Daga wannan lokacin zuwa 1920, wasu experiments sun faru don gina electric discharges mai kadan da mai kulan a cikin mercury da sodium vapor. Amma circuits da suka faru suka fiye don transform uwarshe na ultraviolet ray zuwa tsohon lama. Saboda electrodes ba su iya bayar da electrons da suke da kyau don faru arc discharge phenomenon. Ba wasu electrons ba su ci gaba daga gas atoms, kuma suna fiye elastic. Saboda haka, excitation ba ta faru spectral line don amfani da ita. Amma abubuwan littafi ne suka faru a cikin lampa fluorescent.

• Amma a 1920s, major breakthrough ta faru. An gano cewa mixture na hawa na mercury da gas mai kadan shine 60% efficient don transform power mai electrical input zuwa spectral line mai kulan a 253.7 nm. Uwarshe na ultraviolet ray ta ci gaba zuwa tsohon lama don amfani da fluorescent material mai kyau a cikin lampa. Daga wannan lokacin, lampa fluorescent ta faru zuwa al'ummar mutane.

• Kuma, Dr. W. L. Enfield a 1934 ya samu report daga Dr. A. H. Crompton game da amfani da lampa mai fluorescent coated. Tushen, Enfield ta kawo research team, kuma suka faru commercial fluorescent lamp. A 1935, team suka faru prototype green fluorescent lamp da efficiency mai 60%.

• Bayan shekaru biyu da na gode, lampa fluorescent ta faru a market a wurare da white da shida da shida. Mixtures mai kadan na phosphor powder ta faru colors mai kadan daga lampa fluorescent. Lampa na farko ta faru a watts 15, 20, da 30 a lengths 18 inch, 25 inch, da 36 inch.

• Karamin lokacin, lampa T12 40W, 4-ft ta faru, kuma ta amfani da ita a office, school, industry lighting. Lampa na farko ta bayar da tsohon lama mai yellowish zuwa 3500K. Ba a gine, lampa 6500K daylight ta faru a cikin hakan ta bayar da tsohon lama don simulate average north sky light a overcast sky.

• Gafara, lampa 4 ft, 1.5 inch a diameter, 40W ta faru a market a 1940. Amma gradually, design ta ci gaba zuwa better utilization. A discharge portion na lampa ta ci gaba. Amma argon ta faru, kuma pressure ta rage a kan previous pressure. Pressure na mercury vapor ta ci waɗanda ta faru a kan previous. Lampa ta buƙata 425 mA with 100 zuwa 105 V voltage drop.

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