Daga cewa da za su iya duba ɗaya daga fitaccen abubuwa game da yanayin ƙarfin kammalawa ta 145kV?

1. Bayani

Karamin kasa mai karfi, musamman wadannan da suka shahara a 145kV, suna da muhimmanci a cikin tashar karamin kasa a Tsauniyoyin Asia. Wannan karamin kasa suna da muhimmanci wajen koyar zafi masana'antu, ta haka bayar da dalilai masu aiki da kuma saukarwa na gida. Zabi karamin kasa mai karfi a 145kV (HVDs) yana da harkokin yawan abubuwa, ya haka an bukata a duba abubuwan da dama don in tabbatar da za su iya tabbatar da abubuwan da ke neman tashar karamin kasa na yankin.

2. Bayanin Karamin Kasa Mai Karfi
2.1 Fanni da Muhimmanci

A cikin IEC 62271-102, ana bayyana karamin kasa mai karfi wanda ba na da fanni mai karshen karamin kasa, amma an samun shi domin in ba da fanni mai kawo karamin kasa zuwa fadin - wani abu da ke tsakaninsu ga aiki. Idan kayan aiki a cikin tashar karamin kasa yana bukatar ingantattun, 145kV HVD ya koyar kayan aiki daga karamin kasa mai karfi. Misali, a makarantar Tsauniyoyin Asia da suka shahara a 145kV, karamin kasa ya ba da al'amuran zafi, baki daya da adalci mai karfi daga kayan aiki da ake inganta, kuma ya jagoranci hadadi mai karfi.

2.2 Tsarin Baƙin
A ɗaya 145kV HVD na da abubuwan da suka shahara: a kan bambanta da ke bayar da malaman dukki; insulayuta (ya kamata kafin ko maimakon mutane) suna da fanni mai kula kayan aiki daga ƙarfin rani; kayan aiki mai karfi (wadanda suka shahara da karamin kasa ko wadanda suka shahara da karamin kasa) suna da fanni mai kula karamin kasa idan suka shahara da karamin kasa ko suna da fanni mai kawo karamin kasa zuwa fadin idan suka shahara; kuma yanayin aiki (mai ƙarfi, mai karfi, ko mai siffofin karamin kasa) suna da fanni mai kontrola jirgin karamin kasa don in yi ɗaukan aiki.

3. Abubuwan da Daidaito a Zabe 145kV High Voltage Disconnect Switches
3.1 Ratings Ta Karamin Kasa Da Karamin Kasa
3.1.1 Rating Ta Karamin Kasa

Rating ta karamin kasa ta 145kV HVD ya kamata yadda shi daidai sama da rating ta karamin kasa ta tashar. Makarantar Tsauniyoyin Asia sun yi aiki a matsayin yadda duka, kuma 145kV switches suna da fanni mai kula nominal 145kV kuma suna da fanni mai kula over-voltages (misali, daga ɗaukan aiki ko from lightning). IEC 62271-102 ta nufin cewa switches suka da fanni mai kula wannan over-voltages bila so kuɗi ko karamin kasa. A yankunan Tsauniyoyin Asia da suka shahara da ƙarami mai karfi, switches suna da fanni mai kula surge voltages.

3.1.2 Rating Ta Karamin Kasa

Rating ta karamin kasa ya kamata a cikin load current ta ƙarfin. A cikin 145kV systems, wannan ya haɗa da abin da aka magance - yankunan industri da suka shahara da kayayyakin karamin kasa a Tsauniyoyin Asia zai iya haɗa da load masu ƙarfin da suka shahara da karamin kasa da yankunan gida. Switches suna da fanni mai kula maximum load current continuously bila so kuɗi kuma suna da fanni mai kula short-circuit currents a lokacin da aka magance. Short-circuit currents suna da fanni mai ƙare kayan aiki, kuma abubuwan da suka shahara da karamin kasa suna da fanni mai kula peak and short-time withstand current standards.

3.2 Adaptaibiti Na Ingantattuwar Jihar
3.2.1 Ingantattuwar Jihar Da Ƙarshen Jihar

Tsauniyoyin Asia na da ƙarshen jihar da yawa - daga yankunan da suka shahara da humidity mai karfi a tropical rainforests zuwa yankunan da suka shahara da arid zones - HVDs suna da fanni mai adapta:

• A yankunan da suka shahara da humidity mai karfi, switches suna da fanni mai kula moisture accumulation bila so kuɗi da insulation degradation.

• A yankunan da suka shahara da rainy regions, IP66-rated switches su ne ideal. IP66 protection ta nufin complete dust-tightness and resistance to powerful water jets, suitable for outdoor installations exposed to heavy rain and strong winds.

3.2.2 Pollution and Contamination

Industrial development in Southeast Asia exposes substations (and 145kV HVDs) to pollutants like industrial chemicals, dust, and coastal salt mist:

• Salt mist causes metal corrosion, while industrial dust reduces insulator performance.

• Solutions include switches with anti-pollution insulator coatings or corrosion-resistant materials, and those with increased creepage distances to prevent flashovers in polluted environments.

3.3 Mechanical and Electrical Performance
3.3.1 Mechanical Strength

145kV HVDs need robust mechanical design to withstand operational forces (e.g., during switching) and external loads (e.g., wind):

• In typhoon-prone Southeast Asian regions, switches must endure extreme weather.

• The operating mechanism should ensure smooth, precise switching, while mechanical life (number of operations before wear) is critical for minimizing maintenance and ensuring continuous operation.

3.3.2 Electrical Performance

Key electrical parameters include:

• Contact resistance: Low resistance minimizes power loss and overheating.

• Dielectric strength: Switches must withstand 145kV electrical stresses, including arc tolerance during switching (though not arc-extinguishing like circuit breakers).

• Insulation performance (between conductors and ground) must comply with IEC 62271-102, verified via regular tests (insulation resistance, dielectric withstand).

3.4 Standard Compliance
3.4.1 IEC 62271-102

Compliance with IEC 62271-102 is mandatory. This international standard specifies design, construction, and testing requirements for HVDs, ensuring global interoperability and safety. It defines metrics for mechanical operation, insulation strength, and short-circuit current tolerance, providing a technical baseline for selection.

3.5 Operational and Maintenance Feasibility
3.5.1 Operation Mode Adaptability

Operation mechanisms should align with substation needs:

• Electric/pneumatic mechanisms suit unmanned substations for remote control.

• Manual mechanisms are suitable for frequently serviced sites.

• Reliability and response speed are key—electric mechanisms need backup power for emergency operations.

3.5.2 Maintenance Requirements

Southeast Asia’s hot-humid environment increases maintenance needs. Selection should prioritize:

• Serviceability of components (contacts, insulators, mechanisms).

• Durability of anti-corrosion coatings and seals for long-term maintenance-free operation.

• Smart HVDs with condition monitoring (temperature sensors, stroke tracking) enable real-time status feedback, reducing maintenance frequency.

4. Regional Considerations for Southeast Asia

Deploying 145kV HVDs in Southeast Asia requires focus on:

• Tropical climate protection: IP66 enclosures with UV-resistant coatings to prevent high-temperature/humidity/UV-induced material aging.

• Salt mist corrosion control: 316L stainless steel/titanium components for coastal areas; silicone rubber insulators for salt resistance.

• Seismic adaptability: Mechanical structures compliant with seismic standards (e.g., IEEE 693) for countries in seismic zones.

• Biological protection: Anti-creep designs or repellents to prevent insect/small animal intrusion in tropical rainforest areas.

5. Economic and Life Cycle Costs

Selection must balance initial investment with life cycle costs:

• Material cost balance: Corrosion-resistant alloys may have higher upfront costs but reduce replacement frequency in high-corrosion environments, lowering total cost of ownership (TCO).

• Energy efficiency: Low-contact-resistance designs minimize power loss, particularly in high-load scenarios.

• Localized service: Brands with Southeast Asian spare part warehouses and technical support reduce maintenance downtime and costs.

6. Conclusion

Selecting 145kV high voltage disconnect switches is a systematic process integrating technical standards, environmental adaptability, and regional characteristics. In Southeast Asia, designs must prioritize IEC 62271-102 compliance, IP66 protection, tropical climate resilience, and corrosion resistance, while balancing operational maintenance and life cycle costs. By precisely matching voltage/current ratings and optimizing mechanical/electrical performance, HVDs can operate safely and reliably in Southeast Asia’s complex grid environment, supporting regional power infrastructure stability.