Matarau: Ta'arifa Tattalin Karamin Matarau da Ayyuka Suna da Iyakokin Matarau
An samun kwallon kashi na iya zama kawar da yake da yin kawarren kashi. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan an samun kwallon kashi a kan kawarren kashi, ba zai iya lura abubuwa daga kasa kafin kasa, amma zai taimaka wajen kayan shi a tsakiyar kawarren kashi. Wannan kayan yana taimakawa wajen gudanar da kawarren kashi a kan kwallon kashi da kuma karfin capacitance na kan capacitor da ke amfani da shi.
Yadda ake amfani da kwallon kashi
Don in fahimta yadda ake amfani da kwallon kashi, muna bukata hukuma na masu ilimi da kula da al'adu da kuma kashi.
Kawarren kashi shine kungiyar kasa da kashi zai iya jin kafa a kasa. Tsakiyar kawarren kashi shine tsakiyar kafa a kan kashi mai zurfi, kuma darajar kawarren kashi ya kunshi da kafa mai zurfi. An samun kawarren kashi da kashi ko kuma kawarren magana.
Polarization na kashi
Polarization na kashi shine koyar da kashi mai zurfi da kuma kashi mai yamma a kan mutanen da kuma kashi saboda kawarren kashi. Idan a yi polarization a kan mutanen, za a faru dipole moment na kashi, wanda ya kunshi da kafa da kashi suka faruwa da kuma yadda suka kayayi. Dipole moment na kashi ya kunshi da kashin kashi, wanda ya kunshi da darajar da ake iya koyar da shi.
Capacitance
Capacitance shine kyau da mutanen da iya saukar da kashi. Capacitor shine wurare da ya kunshi da biyu conductors (plates) da ke sauransu da kwallon kashi (dielectric). Idan a yi voltage a kan plates, za a faru kawarren kashi a kan su, kuma za a saukar da kashi a kan har plate. Capacitance na capacitor ya kunshi da misalai na plates, ya kunshi da kasa da ake sauran su, da kuma dielectric constant na kwallon kashi.
Kasuwanci na kwallon kashi
Wasu kasuwanci masu muhimmanci na kwallon kashi sun hada da:
Dielectric constant: Wannan shine kwallon da ya kunshi da kasa da kwallon kashi ya iya saukar da capacitance na capacitor zuwa vacuum. Ana kiran shi ne relative permittivity. Dielectric constant na vacuum shine 1, da kuma dielectric constant na air shine kusan 1.0006. Mutanen da suka da dielectric constants masu uku sun hada da water (kusan 80), barium titanate (kusan 1200), da kuma strontium titanate (kusan 2000).
Dielectric strength: Wannan shine kawarren kashi na musamman da mutanen zai iya tabbatar da baya ta kasance ko kuma zai iya zama conductive. Ana kiran shi a volts per meter (V/m) ko kilovolts per millimeter (kV/mm). Dielectric strength na air shine kusan 3 MV/m, da kuma dielectric strength na glass shine kusan 10 MV/m.
Dielectric loss: Wannan shine kasa da ake fitar da shi a kan heat idan a yi alternating electric field a kan mutanen. Ana kiran shi a kan loss tangent. Dielectric loss ya kunshi da frequency da temperature na electric field, da kuma structure da purity na mutanen. Mutanen da suka da dielectric loss masu kadan sun fi yiwuwar da a kan applications da suka bukata efficiency masu uku da kuma heating masu kadan.
Mutane da misalai na kwallon kashi
Kwallon kashi zai iya koyar da mutanen da suka da molecular structure da polarization mechanism. Wasu mutane da misalai sun hada da:
Vacuum: Wannan shine kusa da mutanen kuma bori haka ba zai iya koyar da shi. Ya kunshi da dielectric constant na 1 da kuma dielectric loss masu kadan.
Gases: Wadannan sun haɗa da atoms ko molecules da suka da binda mai tsabta da suke zo a lokacin. Sun haɗa da dielectric constants masu kadan (kusan 1) da kuma dielectric losses masu kadan. Misalai sun hada da air, nitrogen, helium, da sulfur hexafluoride.
Liquids: Wadannan sun haɗa da molecules da suka da binda mai tsabta da suke zo a lokacin. Sun haɗa da dielectric constants masu uku da gases (kusan 2 zuwa 80) da kuma dielectric losses masu uku. Misalai sun hada da water, transformer oil, ethanol, da glycerol.
Solids: Wadannan sun haɗa da atoms ko molecules da suka da binda mai tsabta a kan fixed positions. Sun haɗa da dielectric constants masu uku da liquids (kusan 3 zuwa 2000) da kuma dielectric losses masu uku. Misalai sun hada da glass, ceramics, plastics, rubber, paper, mica, da quartz.
Akwai ainihin kwallon kashi
Kwallon kashi sun haɗa da wasu ainihi a kan fields of science da engineering. Wasu misalai sun hada da:
Capacitors: Wadannan shine devices da suke saukar da kashi da energy da suke amfani da kwallon kashi a kan biyu conductors. Capacitors ana amfani da su don filtering, smoothing, timing, coupling, decoupling, tuning, sensing, da kuma power conversion a electronic circuits.
Insulators: Wadannan shine mutanen da suke soke electric current zuwa kasa su da suke amfani da high resistance da high dielectric strength. Insulators ana amfani da su don protecting, isolating, supporting, da separating electrical components da wires.
Transducers: Wadannan shine devices da suke convert one form of energy zuwa another da suke amfani da kwallon kashi da suke show piezoelectricity ko electrostriction. Piezoelectricity shine property da wasu mutanen suka generate electric voltage idan ake baka mechanical stress ko vice versa. Electrostriction shine property da wasu mutanen suka change their shape or size idan ake baka an electric field ko vice versa. Transducers ana amfani da su don generating, detecting, measuring, da controlling sound waves, ultrasound waves, vibrations, pressure, force, displacement, temperature, etc.
Photonic devices: Wadannan shine devices da suke manipulate light waves da suke amfani da kwallon kashi da suke show optical properties such as refraction, reflection, absorption, scattering, dispersion, birefringence, etc. Photonic devices ana amfani da su don transmitting, receiving, modulating, switching, filtering, amplifying, splitting, combining, storing, processing, displaying, imaging, sensing, etc., and light signals.
Memory devices: Wadannan shine devices da suke store information da suke amfani da kwallon kashi da suke show ferroelectricity ko electrets. Ferroelectricity shine property da wasu mutanen suka retain their polarization state even after removing an external electric field. Electrets shine mutanen da suka da
