Tambayar da Kafofin Karkashin Kirkiro na Dukkinta Masu Yawan Kirkiro

Gida-gidan da dukkan gida na karkashin kashi yanzu suna da biyu: paneli da gidajen. A lokacin samun paneli, ya kamata a yi da "kamfanoni, mai kyau, dubu, da kuma daidai a dogara". Gida-gida na iya kategorisa da kuma hanyar zabe (misali, karami, hassi) da kuma hukumar samun (misali, surface-mounted, recessed). Da takaice masana kashi a Najeriya, abubuwan da suka fi sune don inganta inganci da kuma amanna gida-gidan da karkashin kashi na karkashin kashi suna da muhimmanci.

1 Bayanin Gudummawa da Karkashin Gida-gidan da Karkashin Kashi Na Karkashin Kashi

Gida-gidan da karkashin kashi na karkashin kashi yanzu shi ne mafi girman dalilin da ke tsariwa bayan grid da 'yan aduwa. Inganci da kuma amanna a cikin sa shi ne muhimmanci don inganta kwaliti na kashi. Wannan gida-gida na iya inganta inganci na kashi da kuma koyar da wani kasa da aka yi wa kashi. Duk da cewa gida-gida na zamani suna da muhimmanci, gida-gida na yanzu suna da muhimmanci da kuma lissafin bayanai. Muhimman abubuwan da suke da su sun hada da aiki da koyar da jumloli da koyar da reactive power, yanayin kashi na kashi da kuma koyar da kashi na kashi, da kuma abubuwan da suke da su. Wanannan muhimman abubuwan suna inganta amanna da kuma kwaliti na kashi, da kuma koyar da parametolin da kashi ke faruwa a lokacin da grid yake yi. Duk da cewa, da kuma koyar da abubuwan da ba su gaba da kashi, misali, overvoltage, overcurrent, da kuma harmonics, suke da amfani da koyar da kashi na kashi.

2 Tadarrubin Muhimmanci na Karkashin Gida-gidan da Karkashin Kashi

2.1 Karkashin Circuit da Gida-gidan da Karkashin Kashi

Karkashin circuit da gida-gidan da karkashin kashi na karkashin kashi yanzu suna da karkashin diagrammai da kuma zaɓin conductors. Abubuwan da suke da su:

• Karkashin Diagrammai: Diagrammai shi ne mafi girma a cikin karkashin gida-gidan da karkashin kashi. A lokacin karkashin, designers ya kamata a yi da al'adu, kadan, da kuma halayen circuits. Misali, cross-sectional area, type, material da conductors, da kuma performance da protective devices ya kamata a zama da koyar da load rating da kuma short-circuit current. Duk da cewa ba zan iya amfani da duk adadin load a cikin gida-gida a lokacin da suke yi wa kashi, maximum power demand ya kamata a zama da koyar da demand factor, da kuma halayen adadin load.

• Zaɓin Conductors: Da koyar da abubuwan da suke da su, busbars a cikin gida-gidan da karkashin kashi na karkashin kashi yanzu suna da copper ko aluminum. A lokacin zaɓin conductors, designers ya kamata a yi da koyar da skin effect da proximity effect (specific to AC power supply) da kuma koyar da heat dissipation da kuma wiring layout. Duk da ceyan, coordination between circuits da kuma protective devices ya kamata a zama da muhimmanci, da kuma koyar da potential interference da abubuwan da ba su gaba da kashi.

2.2 Karkashin Gida-gidan da Karkashin Kashi

A cikin misalai, gida-gidan da karkashin kashi na rural grids, koyar da heat dissipation performance da gidajen ya kamata a yi da koyar. A lokacin da suke yi wa kashi, abubuwan da suke da su misali, sunlight, high summer temperatures, da kuma increasing electrical loads, suke iya kawo karfi da internal temperatures, kuma iya kawo karfi da normal operation da components. Abubuwan da suke da su a cikin karkashin gida-gidan da karkashin kashi:

• Enhancing Heat Dissipation through Structural Design: On one hand, while ensuring the enclosure's ingress protection (IP) rating, ventilation can be improved by increasing the inlet and outlet air openings. On the other hand, measures like installing meshes or baffles can be added to prevent rain, debris, etc., from entering the cabinet.

• Selecting Components with Higher Ratings: Since the operation of internal electrical components is significantly affected by temperature, selecting components with ratings exceeding the actual operating parameters can mitigate the adverse effects of high internal temperature rise.

• Ensuring Rational Layout of Internal Components: Considering the different operating parameters and characteristics of components within the cabinet, components that generate significant heat or have high cooling requirements should be prioritized in the layout.

Idan placement da internal components an samu, karkashin wiring diagram ya kamata a faru. A cikin wannan diagram, each circuit ya kamata a koyar da koyar da power source. Components a cikin each circuit ya kamata a koyar da koyar da actual connection sequence, while rows ya kamata a koyar da koyar da sequence of operation. Furthermore, appropriate text labels ya kamata a baka da each circuit a cikin diagram. Basic requirements for the electrical design and installation of low-voltage distribution cabinets are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Basic Requirements for Electrical Design and Installation of Low-Voltage Distribution Cabinets

2.3 Component Selection for Distribution Cabinets

Components for low-voltage distribution cabinets generally involve various parts such as electrical parameter display instruments, secondary measurement instruments, and switching devices. Taking the low-voltage circuit breaker in a practical cabinet as an example: surface-mounted cabinets generally have better heat dissipation, whereas recessed cabinets, due to limited air circulation, are less conducive to heat dissipation. In recessed installations, the internal temperature can rise significantly due to the influence of the circuit breaker. Therefore, the operating temperature of the circuit breaker inside a recessed cabinet is typically higher than the ambient temperature. Consequently, when designing this type of low-voltage cabinet, designers should refer to manufacturer-provided data on breaker temperature rise and current, fully considering the impact of ambient temperature and enclosure installation method on the operating current of the circuit breaker, and make appropriate corrections to its rated current value.

Furthermore, when installing display and control elements on the exterior of the cabinet, principles such as "orderly arrangement, reliability, safety, and ease of operation" should be followed. Simultaneously, ensure tight connections and cleanliness at all busbar joints and connection points. For the design and installation of secondary wiring within the cabinet, proper identification of components and wires is crucial. Standardized and tidy installation should make the function, routing, and hierarchy of internal components and wires clear at a glance, facilitating subsequent operation and routine maintenance of the low-voltage distribution cabinet.

3 Summary

As the automation level of modern low-voltage distribution cabinets continues to increase, their functions and structures are becoming increasingly complex. Therefore, in the actual design process, attention must be paid to all stages, including load analysis, component selection, and the formulation of protection measures. It is essential to thoroughly understand common issues and their root causes in low-voltage distribution cabinets to effectively enhance the level of electrical design.