Integrasyon sa Grid sa Komersyal & Industriyal nga Sistema sa Pag-imbak og Enerhiya (C&I ESS)

Humanisadong industriya nag-evolve, bag-ong pinaka-tun-ano sama sa solar, hangin, ug tidal power mao ang naka-integrate sa mga istasyon sa pag-charging sa sasakyan. Ang pag-balanse sa mismatch sa supply-demand sa lain-lain nga panahon ug ang pag-overcome sa mga site-related constraints alang sa dako nga energy storage charging stations mihatag og focal point sa mga aplikasyon sa power grid.

Ang paper niini nag-focus sa ilang diverse use cases sa power grids, covering technical features, operational principles, etc. Ito usab nag-examine sa mga teknikal ug ekonomiko nga challenges nga gipangitaan sa C&I energy storage deployments ug nag-forecast sa future development trends.

1. Background

Sa gitukod sa global energy transition ug nag-dugay nga ecological pressures, ang mga power systems giubanan sa daghang challenges: intermittency/volatility sa bag-ong pinaka-tun-ano, continuous growth sa demand sa kuryente, ug pagtaas sa power quality requirements. Ang mga electric vehicle charging stations ug C&I energy storage facilities kasagaran nahimutang duol sa urban areas, giubanan sa strict site-size limitations. Ang C&I energy storage mao ang flexible ug efficient nga solusyon sa issues sa stability sa power supply, bisan adunay barriers sa construction sa dako nga storage tungod sa space constraints, magbutang og bag-ong ruta alang sa reliability ug accessibility sa grid.

2 Overview of Commercial and Industrial Energy Storage Systems
2.1 Working Principle

Ang commercial and industrial energy storage system nag-store sa electrical energy sa specific media, sama sa batteries ug supercapacitors, pinaagi sa Power Conversion System (PCS). Sa panahon nga gikinahanglan, ito mag-release sa stored energy, enabling electrical energy scheduling ug power regulation. Kasagaran, ang energy storage system gisangpot sa batteries, Battery Management System (BMS), Energy Management System (EMS), DC combiner module, PCS, ug output system. Ang schematic diagram sa energy storage system makita sa Figure 1.

2.2 Types and Features

(1) All-in-one cabinet mode. Kini similar sa distribution cabinet sa appearance, occupying relatively little space, kini suitable for installation in limited-space scenarios. With a high degree of modularization, it is convenient for transportation, expansion, and maintenance.

(2) Split-cabinet Mode

Tungod sa cabinet size constraint, ang iyang capacity kasagaran gamay (typically 200 kWh), suitable for low-capacity scenarios. Multiple cabinets can be assembled for larger energy storage needs.

Ang split-cabinet mode nag-combine sa battery cabinet ug system control cabinet (usually ≤2 battery cabinets, e.g., 1 + 1/1 + 2 configurations). Bisag naa'y mas dako nga espasyo (vs. all-in-one), kini suitable for scenarios with looser space limits.

Ang core functions modularized: ang battery cabinet specialized sa energy storage/management, with independent cooling (air/liquid), fire-fighting, ug explosion-proof designs. Ang control cabinet handles system coordination, battery convergence, ug power conversion.

Kini enhances reliability ug maintainability — faults in one module don’t disrupt others, ug battery cabinet quantities flexibly adapt to diverse demands.Both modes are illustrated in Figure 2.

3 Application of Commercial and Industrial Energy Storage Systems
3.1 Power Peak Shaving

Ang commercial ug industrial users exhibit peak-valley differences sa electricity load. Pinaagi sa pag-charge during off-peak periods ug discharging at peak times, ang energy storage systems help balance loads, reduce electricity costs, ug alleviate grid supply pressure during peak hours, thereby enhancing grid operation efficiency.

3.2 Power Quality Improvement

Ang energy storage systems can rapidly respond to power quality issues in the grid. Ito enhance power quality by supplying or absorbing reactive power, stabilizing voltage fluctuations, ug mitigating harmonics.

3.3 Standby Power Supply

Kung may grid failures or outages, ang energy storage systems act as standby power sources, providing short-term electricity for commercial ug industrial users. Kini minimizes losses ug improves power supply reliability.

3.4 Renewable Energy Integration

Para sa commercial ug industrial users with distributed renewable energy (e.g., solar, wind, tidal power), ang energy storage systems store surplus renewable generation. Ito discharge stored power during periods of low renewable output (e.g., no sunlight or weak wind), boosting renewable energy utilization in the grid ug accelerating the energy transition. A successful example is the integrated solar-storage-charging station, which optimizes photovoltaic power characteristics.

4 Challenges in Application
4.1 Technical Challenges

(1) Regarding battery service life, performance, ug charge-discharge efficiency: While some current products achieve zero capacity fade over 5 years ug PCS conversion efficiency exceeding 95%, technical breakthroughs remain difficult. Optimizing battery management strategies ug improving conversion efficiency have become key to product competition.

(2) Regarding battery stability ug system safety: Compared with large-scale energy storage, commercial ug industrial energy storage closer to residential areas. Thus, battery thermal management systems, explosion-proof systems, ug fire-fighting systems critical to ensuring battery stability ug system safety.

4.2 Economic Challenges

(1) High initial investment costs ug long payback periods.

(2) Currently, commercial ug industrial energy storage revenues mainly come from peak-valley price arbitrage, ug the sustainability ug stability of revenues need improvement.

5 Conclusion

Ang commercial ug industrial energy storage systems have broad prospects ug significant application value in power grids, playing diverse roles. Ito not only help enhance grid stability ug reliability but also bring economic benefits to users, promoting efficient energy utilization ug sustainable development. However, numerous technical ug economic challenges still exist. Further efforts needed to strengthen technological innovation, improve market mechanisms ug policies, ug drive the widespread application ug healthy development of commercial ug industrial energy storage systems.