Maidugari na Noma: Shaida da Turukan Siyasa
Mai suna ne ake Regulated Power Supply?
A regulated power supply yana tsara AC (Alternating Current) zuwa DC (Direct Current) daidai. A regulated power supply na yana amfani a haka don haɗa cewa a taka ta gaba ta zama daidai kafin ake biya kan aiki.
A regulated DC power supply tana a son shi a linear power supply, wanda yake cikin circuit da ke ƙare da gwamnati.
Regulated power supply yana jin AC input kuma ya bayar DC output daidai. Rasa ta hanyar ya nuna diagram mai ƙare da typical regulated DC power supply.
Gwamnati masu regulated DC power supply sun hada da:
Step-down transformer
Rectifier
DC filter
Regulator
(Note that our digital electronics MCQs have many electrical questions related to these topics)
Operation of Regulated Power Supply
Step Down Transformer
A step down transformer yana ƙare voltage daga AC mains zuwa voltage level da aka buƙaci. Turn’s ratio ta transformer yana a ƙareta hakan don samun voltage value da aka buƙaci. Output ta transformer yana a bayar a input ta rectifier circuit.
Rectification
Rectifier ita ce circuit mai elektronika wanda ake ƙare da diodes wadanda suka yi ƙarin rectification. Rectification ita ce ƙarin tsara alternating voltage ko current zuwa direct (DC) quantity. Input ta rectifier ita ce AC kuma output ta ita ce unidirectional pulsating DC.
Ko da ya iya amfani da half wave rectifier, power losses ta suna fiye da full wave rectifier. Saboda haka, full wave rectifier ko bridge rectifier ita ce wadanda ake amfani don ƙarin tsara ac supply (full wave rectification). Rasa ta hanyar ya nuna full wave bridge rectifier.
Bridge rectifier tana ƙare da p-n junction diodes to faɗa daɗi. A positive half cycle ta supply, voltage ta induced across the secondary of the electrical transformer i.e. VMN ita ce positive. Saboda haka, point E ita ce positive da F. Haka, diodes D3 and D2 ita ce reversed biased and diodes D1 and D4 ita ce forward biased. The diode D3 and D2 will act as open switches (practically there is some voltage drop) and diodes D1 andD4 will act as closed switches and will start conducting. Hence a rectified waveform appears at the output of the rectifier as shown in the first figure. When voltage induced in secondary i.e. VMN is negative than D3 and D2 are forward biased with the other two reversed biased and a positive voltage appears at the input of the filter.
DC Filtration
Rectified voltage daga rectifier ita ce pulsating DC voltage wanda tana da ripple content da maɗa. Amma ba wannan ne muke so, muke so a pure ripple free DC waveform. Saboda haka, filter ita ce wadanda ake amfani. Different types of filters suna amfani a haka da capacitor filter, LC filter, Choke input filter, π type filter. Rasa ta hanyar ya nuna capacitor filter connected along the output of the rectifier and the resultant output waveform.
Idan instantaneous voltage bai faru a yi ƙarfin recharge, capacitor charges, it charges until the waveform reaches its peak value. Idan instantaneous value bai faru a yi ƙarfi,
