What happens when a higher voltage current runs through a lower voltage circuit?

When current flows through a circuit with lower voltage from a higher voltage, several scenarios may occur:

1. Damaged Circuit Components: Circuits with lower voltages may not be able to withstand higher voltages, leading to the burning or permanent damage of components within the circuit (such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc.).

2. Performance Degradation: Even if components are not immediately damaged, higher voltages can lead to a decline in circuit performance, such as changes in the operating characteristics or efficiency of components.

3. Safety Risks: Higher voltages may pose safety hazards, including the risk of electric shock and fire.

4. Unstable Operation: The circuit may not function properly, exhibiting unstable or unpredictable behavior.

To prevent these issues, it is typically necessary to use an appropriate voltage regulator or stabilizer to ensure that the circuit operates within an appropriate voltage range.