Matumizi ya Intelligent Solid Insulated Ring Main Units (SIRMUs) katika Mtandao wa Kupanuliwa wa Qinzhou

1 Utangulizi​

Maeneo ya ukuta yanayokutana na changamoto za mazingira kama mvua nyingi, nguvu za mwezi, joto lililo juu, ukiwa na maji, na upungufu wa chumvi. Kusaidia usalama wa mitandao ya umeme madini katika mazingira kama hii, kupunguza matukio ya kutoka nje kwa sababu ya huduma za mikakati, na kupambana na ajali zinazotokana na mikakati yasikia au masharti mengine yanayosababisha hatari ya mitandano, tumetafuta kutumia aina mpya ya Solid Insulated Ring Main Unit (SIRMU). SIRMU hii inatoa muda mrefu wa kuendelea, huduma bila malipo, ulimwengu unaofaa, akili, na uhakika zaidi ya umeme.

Sasa, zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya Ring Main Units (RMUs) ya kiwango cha wazi kati yanategemea SF₆ gas kama medium ya insulation. SF₆ gas ni chemically stable sana, ina properties nzuri za insulation na arc-quenching, na inatumika kwa uraibu katika mikakati ya umeme. Mikakati ya switchgear za SF₆ gas-insulated ni midogo. Lakini, SF₆ gas inaliqueka kwenye joto chache, kuchanganya capabilities zake za insulation na arc-extinguishing. Kwenye joto juu, inaingia kwenye byproducts zenye ubovu mkubwa, kusababisha hatari kubwa kwa binadamu. Pia, leakage na emissions ni gharama kati ya gas filling, operations, na recovery, kufanya SF₆ kuwa pollutant wa mazingira mkubwa. SF₆ imekuzwa kwa kimataifa kuwa moja ya sita ya greenhouse gases makubwa; kutokana na mtazamo wa mazingira, matumizi yake yanapaswa kupunguzwa au kufuatilia. Mbinu ya utaratibu wa Solid Insulated Ring Main Unit fundamentally inatengeneza maoni ya SF₆ gas, kutolea guarantee muhimu ya kuridhusha emissions na kupanua mazingira katika sector ya distribution network, kufanana kwa kutosha na requirements za mazingira.

Solid Insulated Ring Main Unit (SIRMU) ya Intelligent ya distribution network extension inatoa si tu friendliness ya mazingira na resistance nzuri sana kwa mazingira magumu, lakini pia daraja la akili kikubwa. Functionalities zake zinajumuisha vitu vyote vya kawaida vinavyotumika na mikakati ya primary na secondary power system kwenye kitu moja. Product hii inatumia utaratibu wa design wa integrated na modular kwa components high-voltage na low-voltage, inatoa versatility na expandability nzuri, inatafsiriwa kama smart electrical device halisi.

​2 Matumizi ya Technical ya Intelligent Solid Insulated Ring Main Units (SIRMUs)​​

​2.1 Matumizi ya Teknolojia ya Insulation ya Solid​

Teknolojia ya insulation ya solid inahusu kwa kubadilisha na kufunga sehemu zisizofaa za main circuit ya medium-voltage switchgear kwa materials solid, au kutelekeza intensity ya electric field kwenye ndani ya material solid. Hii inaweza kufanya material solid ikudume voltage zisizofaa, kubainisha kuongeza strength ya field kwenye hewa. Materials solid za insulation zinazotumika zinazifuata ni epoxy resin na silicone rubber.

Solid Insulated Ring Main Unit (SIRMU) inatumia material solid ya insulation kama medium ya insulation msingi. Components muhimu wa conductive circuit kama vacuum interrupters na connections zao, disconnecting switches, grounding switches, main busbars, na branch busbars zimebadilishwa individual au collectively kwenye solid insulation, kujenga module moja au zaidi. Modules haya yamefanyika insulated kamili, sealed kamili, specific katika functionality, na designed kwa recombination na expansion. Surfaces accessible kwa watu zimepaint kwa layers za shielding conductive au semi-conductive na zimegrounded moja kwa moja na kwa uhuru. Sifa muhimu zinazofuata ni full insulation, full sealing, modularity, size midogo, na akili. SIRMUs zina show performance bora sana kuliko SF₆ RMUs katika kupambana na mazingira magumu kama extreme cold, altitude juu, humidity, na strong wind/sand. Na fully sealed, waterproof design bila exposed high-voltage conductors, zinafaana kwa kutosha kwa areas za damp na flood-prone, capable of providing reliable power supply katika conditions za damp au submerged.

​2.2 Matumizi ya Teknolojia ya Protection ya Akili​

Integration ya teknolojia ya microprocessor na computer kwenye mikakati ya electrical inaweza kutoa functions intelligent kwa mikakati hii na kuwezesha bidirectional communication na control centers. Hii inafanya monitoring, protection, na network management system intelligent. Kwa parameter configuration rahisi, single intelligent device inaweza kufanya functions kawaida vinavyohitaji devices kadhaa.

Design ya structure ya SIRMU inafanana na requirements za resilient smart grids modern. Inatumia algorithms haraka kutoa circuit breakers fast tripping capabilities, inaweza kufanya isolation ya fast ya lines faulty na kuzuia cascading tripping effectively. Ipatikana na single-phase ground fault protection system, inaweza kufanya online detection ya faults kama hivi katika ungrounded (au high-impedance grounded/PET/PEN) systems bila ya kuhitaji additional configuration, inaweza kutoa alarms au trip commands kulingana na set values. Main circuit inatumia single-phase modular design, inaweza kudhindia phase-to-phase short circuits completely wakati wa operation na kuboresha efficiency ya maintenance na kupunguza costs. Integrated embedded operating system inapatikana na core CPU architecture, inayojumuisha ARM processor (ARMP) kwa general processing na system control, pamoja na powerful DSP kwa efficient multitasking, inaweza kufanya high-speed data processing, control, na communication. Units hizo zina compact structurally, small in size, light in weight, na rahisi kuanzisha. Isolation gaps zina visually verified kwa safe operation. Automatic supply mode recognition inaweza kufanya flexible automatic changeover kwa dual power supplies, kuboresha reliability ya power supply. Offering flexible communication support (GSM SMS, GPRS, CDMA universal wireless services, fiber, twisted pair, wireless, carrier), na supporting multiple communication protocols, inaweza kufanya easy implementation ya distribution automation.

​2.3 Maintenance-Free na Eco-Friendly​

Main switch inatumia maintenance-free vacuum circuit breaker known for stability na reliability, hakuna periodic maintenance. Integrated design ya disconnecting switch na grounding switch kwenye circuit breaker inatoa compact structure na mechanical na electrical interlocks reliable, kudhindia misoperation effectively.

​2.4 Key Manufacturing Processes na Quality Assurance kwa SIRMUs​

Kusaidia ustawi wa production, consistency, na product quality—kutolea guarantee ya long-term insulation withstand voltage ya SIRMU products—solid insulated poles inatumia Automatic Pressure Gelation (APG) process wakati yanayofanyika kwenye epoxy resin. Requirements za manufacturing process kwa SIRMUs inazidi zile za SF₆ gas-insulated RMUs. Insufficient production process control inachanganya likelihood na severity ya hidden insulation defects na faults zaidi kuliko SF₆ units. Strict quality control ya raw materials na advanced process capabilities ni essential.

External insulation ya vacuum interrupter inafikiwa kwa multiple media, including epoxy, silicone rubber, na air. Therefore, strength ya insulation ya individual materials na interfacial treatment kati ya different insulating media ni crucial. Epoxy na silicone rubber zinapatikana na excellent dielectric strength, inaweza kufika 5-6 times ya air. Achieving hii inahitaji strict control kwenye molding process—optimal temperature na pressure—pamoja na ensuring material degassing na venting wakati wa molding ili kudhindia entrapped micro-bubbles. Failure kufanya hii inachanganya insulation strength na kuchanganya even electric field distribution, increasing partial discharge (PD) activity na posing operational risks. Interfacial treatment inaweza kudhindia sufficient interfacial insulation strength under stress, thermal cycling, etc., kudhindia insulation failure. Reliable detection methods kwa interface quality ni necessary. Sasa, PD measurement, X-ray inspection, na lightning impulse tests zinaweza kufanya accurate assessment kwa interfacial insulation strength.

Employing X-ray inspection kama factory test inaweza kudhindia defects like bubbles, pores, au cracks kwenye solid insulation assemblies na ensuring vacuum interrupters, connections/terminals zao, na solid insulated busbars hazitoshi abnormal deformations visually kwenye X-ray images kulingana na positions zao. Performing PD measurements inaweza kudhindia PD inception na extinction kwenye weaknesses au defects kwenye insulation ya SIRMU zinazotokana na high electric fields, avoiding cumulative degradation leading to insulation breakdown over time.

​3 Technical Design Scheme kwa Intelligent SIRMU​

Based on extensive distribution grid operation experience na analysis ya advanced domestic na international equipment, considering practical grid operation conditions na environmental requirements, tunapata kwa comprehensive comparison kufanya na kutumia "Application Research of 10kV Intelligent Solid Insulated Ring Main Unit" project.

​3.1 Main Technical Content​

New AVR-12 type Solid Insulated Ring Main Units (SIRMUs) zinapatikana kwenye original site. Dual-power supply configuration inatumika, kufanya SIRMU's intelligent functions kwa rapid isolation ya fault lines, quick detection ya single-phase ground faults, na transmission ya all switch information kwa optical fiber kwenye Distribution Automation Master Station (DMS) au kwa SMS kwenye simu za maintenance personnel. Kufanya master station monitoring platform inaweza kufanya data statistics na fault analysis.

Hii project inafanyika kwenye following aspects:

• Based on the original RMU scheme na considering user importance, power inapatikana kwa dual incoming lines. Wakati wa normal operation, Incomer #1 anapatikana power while Incomer #2 ana hot standby.
• Main equipment ni AVR-12 type Ring Main Unit, inapatikana 7 bays: 6 circuit breaker (CB) bays na 1 Potential Transformer (PT) bay.
• 6 CB bays inatumia CB + Disconnector (DS) + Grounding Switch (ES) structure, equipped with integrated protection devices.
• PT bay inatumia DS + single-phase PT structure, inapatikana communication power. PT inaweza kufikiwa in/out using DS kwenye PT bay, allowing PT au line maintenance bila ya kuhitaji complete SIRMU outage.
• Using CB-type SIRMUs inaweza kufanya multiple interruptions ya short-circuit fault currents. Compared na fuse protection, besides eliminating inconvenience na waste ya fuse replacement, zinapatikana comprehensive short-circuit protection coverage through setting adjustments.

​Normal Operation:​​
Intelligent controller anapatikana parameters (breaker status, disconnector status, primary current/voltage, zero-sequence current/voltage, DMS master station status) kwa kila incoming/outgoing bay. Real-time data upload kwa optical fiber kwenye Intelligent Distribution Switch Master Station inaweza kufanya remote operation.

​Short-Circuit Fault:​​
Rapid protection feature ya intelligent controller inapatikana detect fault current na power flow kwenye 15ms na clear fault kwenye 25ms, ensuring normal line supply, preventing cascading tripping, na minimizing outage scope. Instantaneous characteristics (voltage, current, switch status) inaweza kufanya control kwa action characteristic ya permanent magnet actuator, shortening fault clearing time kufanya quick isolation ya fault line. Simultaneously, controller inapatikana transmit SIRMU action information kwa fiber kwenye monitoring center, allowing timely assessment ya product status na facilitating fault location na power restoration.

​Single-Phase Ground Fault:​​
Controller inapatikana use zero-sequence current magnitude/phase na zero-sequence voltage magnitude/phase kufanya determination ya kama fault inapatikana kwenye SIRMU's load side. Tu kwa ground faults kwenye load side controller inapatikana issue protection trip au alarm command na upload fault information kwa fiber. Faults kwenye source side hawapati actions kutokana na this SIRMU's controller.

​3.2 Main Technical Challenges​

(1) Applying solid insulation technology na APG manufacturing process kufanya SIRMU reliability, long lifespan, na maintenance-free operation kwenye high-temperature na high-salt-fog environments.
(2) Utilizing integrated, flexible design concept combining high-voltage primary section ya circuit breaker na secondary intelligent control section. Built-in combined current/voltage sensors inapatikana real-time acquisition ya primary voltage/current signals na switch status kufanya flexible control ya breaker's actuator, optimizing vacuum interrupter operation.
(3) Rapid detection ya fault current na execution ya protection actions.

​Project Implementation:​​
Hii project inatumia solid insulated RMUs na integrated intelligent control devices. Main switch inatumia combination device comprising Permanent Magnet Actuated Vacuum Circuit Breaker (VCB) na integrated Disconnector (DS) na Grounding Switch (ES). Equipped na intelligent control system, inafanya automatic control functions hata bila DMS coordination. Permanent magnet actuator inapatikana high reliability na maintenance-free operation. Optical fiber communication inaweza kufanya real-time collection ya all RMU operating parameters, simplifying remote power restoration na power fault analysis, na accumulating experience kwa smart grid terminal devices. External stainless steel cabinet inapatikana minimize future maintenance.

​4 Conclusion​

Intelligent Solid Insulated Ring Main Unit (SIRMU) ni safe, eco-friendly, stable, reliable, na highly intelligent next-generation RMU. Inapatikana particularly well-suited kwa deployment kwenye harsh locations characterized na high altitude, extreme temperature variations, contamination, na humidity.