Kalkulazio na Zamantakewa da Farkon Garamar Tatsuniya da Kiyasin Maimaitaccen Turbin a Makarantar Sola PV na IEE-Business

1 Solar Photovoltaic Power Stations na Tsarin Hanyoyin Zama

Sabuwar tasiri da aka fi sani game da yadda mutane suna yi hukuma masu zama da kuma tattalin gwamnati a fannoni, ana tsara hanyoyin zama masu tsari a matsayin hanyoyin da ba su sa shawararwa da kuma hanyoyin da suke sa shawararwa. Hanyoyin da ba su sa shawararwa sun haɗa da hanyoyin da ake amfani da zama-zama mai sauƙi da kuma hanyoyin da ba suke zama. Amma hanyoyin da suke sa shawararwa sun haɗa da hanyoyin da ake amfani da zama mai sauƙi da kuma hanyoyin da ake amfani da zama-zama mai sauƙi. Zan iya cewa zan iya bayar da hukuma kan hanyoyin zama ita ce wani abu mai yawa, wanda ya shafi hukumomin kammala, magungunan aiki, girman lafiya, nasararsa, karfin ilimi, tsaron al'amuran da take faru, da kuma tasirin da ke faruwa a cikin gwamnati.

1.1 Hanyoyin Da Ba Su Sa Shawararwa
1.1.1 Hanyoyin Da Ake Amfani Da Zama-Zama Mai Sauƙi

An samun zama-zama mai sauƙi a tsakiyar gwamnati. Idan an yi al'amuran, akwai amfani da jiki mai sauƙi don in ake gajarta jiki mai sauƙi na gwamnati, kuma jiki mai sauƙi na al'adun da aka faru shi ne jiki mai sauƙi mai sauƙi. Idan an yi al'amuran mai yau, zama-zama mai sauƙi yana gajarta jiki mai sauƙi don in ya ci gajarta mai yau, da kuma in ya sauya al'amuran mai yau da kuma jiki mai sauƙi mai sauƙi. An iya faɗinsu gwamnati a lokacin da aka faru al'amuran, wanda ya yi wa gwamnati mai lafiya.

Ayyuka:

• Hukuma da Aiki: Jiki mai sauƙi na musamman na biyu yana buƙata hukumin jiki mai sauƙi, kuma an buƙaci hukumin al'amuran mai yau mai yawa. Zama-zama mai sauƙi yana buƙata a yi aiki a tsarin gajarta mai yawa; masu ilimi suna buƙaci a yi ingantaccen parametere saboda hukumar gwamnati, wanda ya yi wa ilimi mai yawa.

• Tsarin: Ana buƙaci a taka da zama-zama daban-daban ko kuma zama-zama mai sauƙi mai sauƙi ta haka saboda gajartar zuwa.

• Iyakokin da Kudancin: Yana da ma'ana a cikin gwamnatin da suka da jiki mai sauƙi mai yau, tare da kuma in ya ƙara tsaro mai sauƙi mai sauƙi. Amma hukumomin ba su iya kawo al'amuran mai yau a matsayin gwamnatin mai yawa. Saboda haka, ba a yi amfani da shi a matsayin gwamnatin mai yawa da kuma busas 10 kV/35 kV, da kuma an yi inganta a systemen da suka fi sani da zama-zama mai sauƙi mai sauƙi.

1.1.2 Hanyoyin Da Ba Su Zama

A cikin hanyoyin da ba su zama (da ba su sa shawararwa) akwai jiki mai sauƙi mai sauƙi na tsari da kuma aiki saboda al'amuran mai yau, bai da shawarar jiki mai sauƙi ba. Wannan yana ba da shi lokacin mai yawa da biyu saboda jiki mai sauƙi mai sauƙi da kuma tsaro mai sauƙi, amma akwai sakamako da jiki mai sauƙi mai sauƙi. Yana da muhimmanci a cikin jiki mai sauƙi mai sauƙi (misali, a tsakiyar AC na PV inverters, da kuma transformers LV).

1.2 Hanyoyin Da Su Sa Shawararwa
1.2.1 Hanyoyin Da Ake Amfani Da Zama Mai Sauƙi

Yana ba da jiki mai sauƙi mai yawa, hukumi mai sauƙi, jiki mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, da kuma ƙaramin tsaro, amma akwai sakamako da jiki mai sauƙi mai yawa da kuma al'amuran mai sauƙi. Yana da muhimmanci a cikin gwamnatin ≥50 MW PV stations' ≥110 kV HV transformers, da kuma switches da lightning arresters don in ake amfani da zama mai sauƙi.

1.2.2 Hanyoyin Da Ake Amfani Da Zama-Zama Mai Sauƙi

An amfani da zama-zama mai sauƙi don in ake gajarta jiki mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, wanda yana ba da hukumi mai sauƙi don in ake kawo al'amuran mai yau. Muhimmanci:

• Parametere mai sauƙi: Ba a buƙaci a yi ingantaccen parametere a lokacin da ake faru aiki ba.

• Tsaro mai sauƙi: Tsaro mai sauƙi na yawa saboda in ake kawo al'amuran mai yau.

• Iyakokin: A cikin gwamnatin da suka da cables, transformers, da kuma motors, da kuma gwamnatin PV da suka da jiki mai sauƙi mai yau.

• Tsarin volt:

• ≥220 kV: hanyoyin da ake amfani da zama mai sauƙi

• 66–110 kV: marubucin hanyoyin da ake amfani da zama mai sauƙi, mabiyar hanyoyin da ba su sa shawararwa ba

• 6–35 kV: marubucin hanyoyin da ba su sa shawararwa ba, mabiyar hanyoyin da ake amfani da zama mai sauƙi

2 Tsarin Gargajiya Transformers

Idan an buƙaci a yi amfani da transformers don 10/35 kV buses (resistance grounding), an buƙaci a samun transformers mai sauƙi idan ba a zama zama. Nisa na gargajiya:

• Jiki mai sauƙi: Tsohon jiki na bus.

• Jiki mai sauƙi: Hashe cables da overhead lines plus effects of substation equipment.

• Gargajiya resistor: In kawo hukumi mai sauƙi.

• Gargajiya transformer: In taimaka rating da resistor; add secondary loads if serving as station power.

3 Misalai Na Tsarin Gargajiya Transformers
3.1 Bayanin Project
Gwamnatun PV centralized 50 MW da mounts fixed a 1340 m altitude (annual avg. 3°C) ba da derating don altitude ko humidity. Comprising 50×1 MW sub - arrays, DC is inverted and stepped up to 35 kV locally. Ten sub - arrays form a collector line feeding into a 35 kV single - bus system, then stepped up to 110 kV (solidly grounded neutral). The 35 kV step - up station includes LV main transformer, 5 PV collector lines, grounding transformer, station service transformer, reactive compensation, and PT circuits, with resistance grounding for the neutral.

3.2 Tsarin Gargajiya Transformer
3.2.1 Tsarin Zama

The grounding transformer’s primary rated voltage matches the 35 kV system voltage. 35 kV collector lines are mainly direct - buried cables (34 km total), with 2 km of overhead lines.

• Single - phase grounding capacitive current for 35 kV overhead collector lines:Ic1=3.3×U_L×L×10−3=0.231A

• Single - phase grounding capacitive current for 35 kV cable collector lines:Ic2=0.1×U_L×L=119A

( U_L): grid line - to - line voltage (kV); L: line length (km))

With a 13% increase in the 35 kV substation’s capacitive current, the calculated single - phase grounding capacitive current of the PV station exceeds 10 A. Thus, the 35 kV bus neutral point uses resistance grounding.

3.2.2 Gargajiya Transformer

For the grounding resistor, the primary voltage U_R≥21.21kV. In case of a single - phase fault, the earth - fault current is set to 150–500 A, so I_R=400A, and with R=50.5Ω，P_R≥U_R×I_R.In low - resistance grounding systems, the grounding transformer capacity is 1/10 of the fault current - corresponding capacity. As a separate station service transformer exists, secondary loads are ignored. Considering technical - economic factors, meteorological conditions, and altitude, the capacity is set to 1000 kVA.

4.Kalmomi

Tashnin energy renewable kamar photovoltaics ta tabbatar da hukumomin tattalin arziki na ƙasashen duniya. Tsarin zama ta taimaka wajen tsarin da kuma aiki gwamnati. Idan an buƙaci a zama tsarin zama, ana buƙaci a yi shawarar da lafiya gwamnati da kuma tsaro aiki, da kuma karfin da ake yi hukumomin.