Masana'antu a Gwargwadon Ingantaccen Kula da Kafa Tsakiyar Daji
Define Substation?
Substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin tsakiyar da kai ko karkashin yawan karamin tsakiya daga wurin da ake samu da suka gama da karamin tsakiya na kashi da yanayi.
Name the types of substation?
Indoor substation
Outdoor substation
Pole mounted substation
Underground substation.
Define Indoor Substation?
Indoor Substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin tsakiya da ke karkashin shi a cikin gwamna don kuma tsakiyar da kai ga 11kV saboda hanyar karfi. Idan ana iya samun zafi a kan jiki, za a yi wannan substation da kai ga 66kV.
Define Outdoor Substation?
Sunan "outdoor substation" tana nufin wani substation da kai ga 33kV ko da rarrabe da ake karkashin shi a kan gwamna saboda masu sauki da kai ga karamin tsakiya da kuma kamar da kai ga karamin tsakiya ya zama da take lalace da ake karkashin shi a cikin gwamna.
Define Pole Mounted Substation?
Pole mounted substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin tsakiya da ke karkashin shi a kan H-pole ko 4-pole structure da kai ga 33kV, da kuma karamin tsakiya ta aika da kai ga shi.
Define Underground Substation?
A kan abubuwa da ke da damar da kai ga gwamna da kuma karamin tsakiya, ake karkashin substation equipment a kan gwamna da ake nufin underground substation, wanda ya fi kyau a duba waɗannan abubuwa.
What is cable grading?
Grading of cables tana nufin al'adu da ake yi a kan wires don samun zabi a kan electrostatic stress.
What is the composition of transmission cable?
Rubber, vulcanised India rubber, impregnated paper, varnished cambric, and polyvinyl chloride suna da ma'ana a kan insulating materials da ake amfani da su a kan cables.
What is the function of Substation?
Substation tana samun karamin tsakiya daga generating station da kai ga high voltage, tana karkashin shi zuwa distribution voltages, kuma tana koyar da shi a kan consumers zuwa distribution network.
What are the things need to be considered while selecting space for outdoor substation?
Wadannan abubuwa suna da damar a duba idan ake magana game da outdoor type substation:
Abubuwan da ke da damar da kai ga supply area.
Za a bayar da land a kan adadin da ke da damar da kai ga adadin da ke da damar da kai ga cost.
Za a bayar da location a kan abubuwan da ke da damar da kai ga densely inhabited areas.
Za a bayar da location a kan abubuwan da ke da damar da kai ga transportation.
Define Converting Substation?
Converting substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin alternating current energy zuwa direct current energy.
Define Frequency Substation?
Frequency substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin frequency zuwa value na biyu da ake amfani da frequency converter.
Define Switching Substation?
Switching substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin simple switching operations a kan power lines ba a bincike voltage level.
Define Power Factor Correction Substation?
Power factor-correction substations suna aika da receiving end of transmission lines kuma suna koyar da power factor correction using synchronous condensers.
Define transformer substation?
Transformer substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin voltage zuwa step up ko step down by means of a transformer.
Define Industrial Substation?
Industrial substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin power zuwa particular industrial concerns.
Name the advantages of Outdoor type substations?
Saboda duka equipment ke da damar da kai ga visible and accessible, malfunctions and defects tana da damar da kai ga easy to identify and correct.
Substation equipment tana da damar da kai ga suitable separation.
Problem in one segment has no influence on the healthy section.
Cost of construction tana da damar da kai ga lower because no massive buildings are required to house the substation equipment.
Time necessary for construction tana da damar da kai ga reduced.
Future expansions and modifications tana da damar da kai ga simple to implement.
Name the disadvantages of Outdoor type substations?
Saboda equipment tana da damar da kai ga exposed to the elements, impact of fast changes in ambient temperature, dust, and filth deposited on the equipment tana da damar da kai ga installation of specially designed, more expensive equipment.
Outdoor substation tana da damar da kai ga extra room because the buses and other live parts are bare and require additional clearance.
In rough and stormy weather, different switching operations, fault repair, and maintenance tana da damar da kai ga challenging.
Define Mining Substation?
Mining substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin electric supply da ke da damar da kai ga additional safety precautions in the operation of mining installation.
Define Mobile Substation?
Mobile substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin temporary needs, primarily for construction purposes.
Define Distribution Substation?
Distribution substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin sub transmission voltage or primary distribution voltage zuwa supply voltage to customers via a network of distribution lines.
What is the difference between Bulk Supply and an Industrial Substation?
Bulk supply and industrial substation shine da wani distribution substation built for an individual bulk supply consumer or an industrial consumer of large or medium supply ground.
Define Mining Substation?
Mining substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin electric supply da ke da damar da kai ga additional safety precautions in the operation of mining installation.
Define mobile substation?
Mobile substation shine da wani abu mai karkashin temporary needs, primarily for construction purposes.
What is Arc formation?
Idan short circuit tana faru, large current tana pass through the circuit breaker contacts, which are opened by the safety system. Idan contacts tana faru a separate, contact area tana rage, and a significant fault current tana generate increased current density and thus a rise in temperature. The heat generated in the medium between the contacts tana da damar da kai ga ionise it. An arc tana form between the contacts when ionised air or vapour acts as a conductor.
What is three-phase power supply?
It is a sort of polyphase system and the most popular technique of power transfer utilised by grids globally. Three circuit wires in a three-phase system carry three alternating currents (of the same frequency) that reach their instantaneous peak values at different times.
Explain the function of a fuse.
When a short circuit or overload occurs, the current through the fuse exceeds its rated value, raising the temperature and causing the fuse element to melt (or blow out), disconnecting the circuit it protects.
What is feedback in a control system?
The Feedback in Control System is one in which the output is sampled and the proportional signal is given back to the input for automatic error correction (any change in desired output) and further processing to obtain the desired output.
Why is Negative Feedback favoured in Control Systems?
Feedback’s job in the control
