Cén é an tIolar Chomhcheangailte?
Is iolar chomhcheangailte í an t-iolar a bhfuil roinnt snáitheanna codóireachta boichte comhcheangailte le chéile, go minic le gach cóp snáitheanna crochta agus díoltúl. Tá na n-iarlaí seo ar fáil i réimsí oiridhe áirithe do úsáid speisialta.
Sa Ríocht Aontaithe, denoitear méideanna iarla coitianta i formáidí cosúil le 3/0.029″, 7/0.036″, agus 7/0.042″. Ansin, is é an uimhir chéad (mar shampla, 3 nó 7) a léiríonn an líon snáitheanna codóireachta aonair, agus is é an chuid dara (mar shampla, 0.029″, 0.042″) a shonraíonn an achar trasnach de gach codóireacht. Mar shampla, 0.036″ tá sé sin a rá go bhfuil an achar trasnach 0.036 ceithre choróig. Sa Stát Aontaithe, úsáidtear méid mar 7/32, áit a léiríonn an uimhir 7 an líon snáitheanna, agus tá 32 ina thréimhse American Wire Gauge (AWG) de gach codóireacht.
Compared to solid wires, stranded wires offer superior flexibility. This makes them the preferred choice for electricians in scenarios where wires need to be bent, twisted, or routed through narrow spaces such as pipes and conduits within walls. Additionally, stranded wires enhance electrical safety. When current flows through the conductor, heat is generated. Thanks to the air gaps between the individual strands, this heat can be efficiently dissipated, reducing the risk of overheating and potential electrical hazards.
Úsáid agus Carachtar Iolar Chomhcheangailte
Tá iolar chomhcheangailte an-suaitheach do úsáid i gcúrsaí a bhfuil gluaiseacht leanúnach, cosúil le meaisín oscailte agus dúnta doras. Is é an rogha is fearr é freisin do nascadh gearr-astan agus is féidir é a chur go héasca isteach i bpátcóirí.
I línte tráchtála agus riaracháin cumhachta, is minic a roghnaithe iolar chomhcheangailte thar iolar solídach. Is é an fáth go mbíonn sé seo chun an t-effeact skin a laghdú, rud ina mbeannódh an seol cothrom (AC) go príomha ar an taobh amuigh den ghníomhóir gan a bheith trína chroílár iomlán. Tá struchtúr uathúil iolar chomhcheangailte ina réiteach éifeachtach chun an tionchar den t-effeact skin a laghdú.
Tá roinnt míbhuntáistí ag iarla chomhcheangailte freisin. Is minic a bhíonn sé níos bréige ná iarla solídach. Tá sé níos mó faoi scáth corróide, go háirithe i gcomhthéacsí folaítheacha nó úsáid amach. Chomh maith lena sin, mar gheall ar na spásanna aer idir snáitheanna aonair, is íseal an ampacity (caidreamh-reatha) iarla chomhcheangailte i gcomparáid le iarla solídach an chineál céanna.
Buntáistí Iolar Chomhcheangailte
Míbhuntáistí Iolar Chomhcheangailte
Iolar Solídach: Definíocht agus Feartanna
Mar a luaitear in ainm, is iolar solídach é iarla a bhfuil gníomhóir solídach aonair ina chodladh i ndíoltúl. Go minic, tá iarlaí solídacha níos trom agus níos motha ná iarlaí chomhcheangailte. Cé go bhfuil buntáistí ag iarla chomhcheangailte, úsáidtear iarla solídach go coitianta i bhfíorláthoireacht baile, go háirithe i Stát Aontaithe do phainel phríomh 120/240. Tá sé seo mar gheall ar feartanna cosúil leis an scil a thabhairt nascanna níos fearr agus a chuid reatha níos airde.
Tá roinnt buntáistí suntasacha ag iarla solídach. Tá an t-aon ghníomhóir aige gan spás aer idir, a chuirtear go bhfuil caidreamh-reatha níos airde aige ná iarla chomhcheangailte. Tá an t-aimchoimeád agus an nascadh perfach leis an mórthomhas an gníomhóir.
Tá cumas níos airde ag iarla solídach, le drop voltas níos ísle, agus is é an t-aimchoimeád corróide níos láidre. Tugann sé fuaim gan colúil (le ratio colúil íseal), agus cinntíonn sé nasc faidiúil agus staidimeach. Chomh maith lena sin, is é an t-aimchoimeád níos brise leis agus is é an t-aimchoimeád níos fearr dó don úsáid amach.
Tá teorainneacha ag iarla solídach freisin. Is go leor modharnacht níos ísle aige ná iarla chomhcheangailte, a dhéanann an t-aimchoimeád agus an nascadh níos deacra mar gheall ar a chrua. D'fhéadfadh an t-aimchoimeád agus an nascadh, go háirithe i gcúrsaí a bhfuil gluaiseacht orthu, a chur go bríoch nó a scuabadh iarla solídach go deacair.
Buntáistí Iolar Solídach
Míbhuntáistí Iolar Solídach
The following table provides a detailed comparison of solid and stranded conductors based on various conditions and applications, highlighting their key differences.

Current Carrying Capacity of Solid and Stranded Wires
When the diameters of solid and stranded wires are identical, the solid wire can carry a greater amount of current. This is attributed to the fact that the solid wire has a larger effective cross-sectional area. In stranded wires, the presence of air gaps between the individual strands reduces the overall area through which current can flow. Consequently, electricians must carefully select the appropriate wire size, taking into account the wire gauge and ampacity requirements of the specific application.
Another important phenomenon in electrical systems is the skin effect, where alternating current (AC) tends to flow primarily on the outer surface of the conductor rather than uniformly throughout its cross-section. This effect becomes more pronounced with increasing frequency. For high-power transmission systems, stranded wires are often preferred precisely because they can mitigate the impact of the skin effect. However, for home wiring with a frequency of 50/60 Hz, when using copper wires with a diameter of up to 6mm, the skin depth can generally be disregarded.
Which is Better: Solid or Stranded Wire?
The choice between solid and stranded wires should be made after a comprehensive consideration of various factors, including initial and long-term costs, indoor or outdoor usage, specific application requirements, types of electrical loads, the need for movement or flexibility, appropriate ampacity, and other environmental and weather-related conditions.In summary, the decision to opt for solid or stranded wire hinges on multiple aspects:
Solid Wire: Ideal for applications where durability, simplicity, smooth installation, and cost-effectiveness are prioritized. If your project demands a straightforward, reliable, and budget-friendly wiring solution, solid wire is the recommended choice.
Stranded Wire: Best suited for scenarios that require long-term flexibility, such as applications involving repetitive motion or frequent bending of wires. When the wiring needs to adapt to dynamic environments, stranded wire offers the necessary resilience and maneuverability.
The following table provides a detailed comparison of solid and stranded conductors based on various conditions and applications, highlighting their key differences.