etypes וניתוח תקלות נפוצות של ציוד מפסק בלחץ גבוה
etypes shelachot ve'chilufei ma'arachot shonim shel mecharcherei chazak
Mecharcherei chazak hineihem kelayim elektri'im muhimim be'mishtanei hakshah. ha'adhamut sheben ma'aseh hamacharcher hinei achat me'etarot haklaliyot shel pailot be'mishtanei hakshah. ma'arachot shel mecharcherei chazak?
(1) etot la'chutz u'le'fnim
al pi mishkenot ha'itgar, mecharcherei chazak yecholim lehavdal bein etot la'chutz le'etot le'fnim. klayim shelo 10 kV velamatah yekari'im lehithanach le'fnim. al pi misparkei hakshah rishonim, hem yecholim lehavdal od ka'etot ba/ba mecharcher shel kiruv/ye'tsa, mecharcher shel shemen shirur, mecharcher shel nesikat bus, ve'khen.
mecharcher 10 kV le'fnim ba/ba yekari le'hefatzetz macharcherei chazak minim o mecharcherei vakum. hamacharcherei hame'uchadim itzumo b'rikyon o im mekanismim electromagneti'im, rak she'yesh she'mekablim mekanismim yadani'im o magneti'im kevui'im. tavnitei mecharcherei shonim mitchavvim betavnit, zeh mafne'a et birurei hasnifim u'vitkanam.
(2) etot metukanot ve'nigreshot
al pi hasha'ah vetavnit, mecharcherei chazak yecholim lehavdal bein etot metukanot venigreshot (mitgarechet). historiyah, tahanaot hakshah hitpalegu lemecharcherei nigreshet lemishtanei hakshah shel tahana, umetukanot hayu yoter matara'in be'mishtanei hakshah shel sherut.
im hatmichot batechnologia upirsum kelayim chadashim, minhagei masoret muttashim. l'misal, mecharcher nigreshet mitgarechet metuki'im milta'at mecharcherei metukani'im. eto hame'uchar be'tavnit mitgarechet gamura im chalakim shel pe'ulot memufaradim. hu mehapech bitachon avodati, migber et ha'chibburim shel ein shigagot, umitkasher le'bakasha, mafne'a et bitachon ha'avoda.
(3) hitpathut shel mecharcherei chazak
ba'shanim ha'acharonot, im hitpathuto shel mecharcher vakum katan v'efshi, mecharcher benoni (gam yada "mecharcher nigreshet metgarechet be'chelka emtzai") hitpaleg k'mita'had chadash shel mecharcherei nigreshet mitgarechet metuki'im.
mecharcher benoni mafne'a yoteret, ha'muhasem be'hitpatchuto shel unit nigreshet katan umivchanim mekaniti'im, shemafne'a le'hishtanim tochnit bein ha'rechev la'nosim. yotzi'im shenayim mashimonim, shemekablim le'echod ha'rechev shel mecharcher nitkon va'arak, mefarechet le'kbitza on site v'histaklut be'bitachon gadol.
ba'emtza'ei hashlifut tovim, eilu mecharcherei chazak ovdim be'bitachon gadol umitkanim, mecharcherei benoni metuki'im nigreshet metgarechet ne'echshavim yoter be'mishtanei hakshah.
II. chilufei ma'arachot shonim shel mecharcherei chazak
ma'arachot bemecharcherei chazak yotzim mi'problemot be'hitlatzet, havarah, ve'sistemat mekanit.
(1) lo avodah o avodah shiga'atit
zeh hinei ma'arachat klaliyah shel mecharcherei chazak vehinei yotzim mi'shtei etarot:
pe'ulot mekaniti'im bemekanismim shel hitnagdut umasoret, k'megira shel mekanizim, teformot shel ekronim, nekidat makom, o shibor; megira shel plungerim shel hitkatif/hitkatif; shibor shel pinim; ve'paila shel tzavar.
pe'ulot elektri'im be'misparkei kontrol u'nezid, k'megira shel hitkatif be'misparkei sheni'im, megira shel nosim, hitkatif shel misparkim, hitkatif shel coil shel hitkatif (megira shel mekanizim o switch galui), paila shel switchot nezid, upaila shel ohr mikhlal, switch shel hitkatif, o switchot gav.
(2) pailot shel hitkatif ve'hitkatif
eleh hinei ma'arachot yotzim mimacharcher atzmo.
bimecharcherei shemen minim, pailot klaliyot k'meferat shemen be'kitot qrotsot, shibor shel cheder hakama, efiyat havarah me'utset, ve'potsa'ot be'hitkatif.
bimecharcherei vakum, pailot klaliyot k'hitkatif be'cheder hakama o bellows, reductzia shel madrega shel vakum, restrike be'hitkatif shel bankot capacitor, ve'shibor shel tube kerami.
(3) pailot shel hitlatzet
efrat hitlatzet tzricha lehityashvein bein hakshot shonim she'ovdim al hitlatzet (bein normal hitkatif ve'hakshot efsheriot), taktikot mishmor (k'misparkei ra'am), ve'koach dielektriki shel chomer hitlatzet. hamatara hinei lehafitz tavnit betacha, ekonomit, umusa'eret.
pailot hitlatzet klaliyot:
hitlatzet chitzonit le'adamah
hitlatzet penimit le'adamah
hitlatzet bein fase'ot
hitlatzet me'hakshot ra'am
hitlatzet, hitlatzet shel chomer, shibor, o potsa'ot shel bushings porcellain o capacitor
hitlatzet shel miktzot
hitlatzet, shibor, o potsa'ot shel transformers of current (CTs)
shever shel insulator porcellain
(4) pailot shel havarah
be'madregot hakshah shel 7.2–12 kV, pailot shel havarah yotzim mi'megira shel havarah be'disconnectors (joints), mefa'ach le'overhitut umeltat shel nosim.
(5) koach chitzoni ve'pailot acheirim
eleh hinei pailot yotzim mi'pailot shel objektim chitzoni'im, afikim teva'i'im, kitot qrotsot shel chayot, ve'acheirim pailot efsheriot chitzoni'im o pegu'im.
מומלץ
