Matsayin Kayan Aiki na Op Amp

Amfutar da kammalawa ko kammalawa ko op amps suna cikin abubuwan da ake magana a kan su ne suke bayar da DC amplification mai kyau. Su ne mafi yawan kayayyaki da ake amfuta a tashin feedback components kamar resistors ko capacitors. An op amp yana da tashin uku, idan tashen da ke ciki ita ce inverting input, wasu non-inverting input da kuma output. Daga baya wani diagram na op amp:

Kamar yadda aka iya gani daga diagram, op amp yana da tashin uku don input da output da biyu don power supply.
Idan ba a sanin yadda op amp ya yi aiki, yawanci ya kamata a fahimta op amp characteristics ta op amp. Zan bayyana su kadan kadan haka:

Open Loop Voltage Gain(A)

Open loop voltage gain tare da feedback ta ideal op amp yana da tsarin infinity. Amma halaye masu tsari na open loop voltage gain ta op amp na gaskiya ana zama daga 20,000 zuwa 2, 00,000. Idan input voltage yana cikin Vin. Idan A yana da open loop voltage gain. Don haka output voltage yana cikin Vout = AVin. Halaye A ta kai da tsarin infinity amma don ideal op amp, yana da tsarin infinity.

Input Impedance(Zin)

Input Impedance yana nufin input voltage da input current. Input impedance ta ideal op amp yana da tsarin infinity. Yana nufin bane ba da current ta ci input circuit. Amma, ideal op amp yana da current ta ci input circuit da tsarin few pico-amps zuwa few milli-amps.

Output Impedance (Zout)

Output impedance yana nufin ratio ta output voltage zuwa input current. Output impedance ta ideal op amp yana da tsarin zero, amma real op amps suna da output impedance ta 10-20 kΩ. An ideal op amp yana yi aiki a cikin hukumar voltage source da ya bayar da current bane da internal losses. Internal resistance suna haɗa voltage available to the load.

Bandwidth(BW)

Ideal op amp yana da bandwidth ta infinity, yana nufin yana iya amfuta waɗanda suka shiga daga DC zuwa AC frequencies da maɗaɓaƙi bane da losses. Saboda haka, ideal op amp yana cewa yana da frequency response ta infinity. A cikin op amps na gaskiya, bandwidth yana da limit. Limit yana da shugaban gain bandwidth (GB) product. GB yana nufin frequency inda amplifier gain yana zama unity.

Offset Voltage(Vio)

Offset voltage ta ideal op amp yana da tsarin zero, yana nufin output voltage yana da tsarin zero idan farko da inverting da non-inverting terminal yana da tsarin zero. Idan biyu biyu suke ground, output voltage yana da tsarin zero. Amma, real op amps suna da offset voltage.

Common Mode Rejection Ratio(CMRR)

Common mode yana nufin yadda ake amfuta voltage da take sama da inverting da non-inverting terminal ta op amp. Common mode rejection yana nufin yadda op amp yake haɗa common mode signal. Kafin a yi nasara ta haka, za a iya fahimta common mode rejection ratio.
Common mode rejection ratio yana nufin measure ta ability ta op amp ta haɗa common mode signal. Mathematically it is defined as

Inda, AD yana nufin differential gain ta op amp, ∞ for an ideal op amp.
ACM yana nufin common mode gain ta op-amp.
CMRR ta ideal op amp yana da tsarin ∞. Yana nufin yana iya haɗa duka common mode signal. Daga formula, za a iya gani AD yana da tsarin infinity for an ideal op amp and ACM yana da tsarin zero. Saboda haka, CMRR ta ideal op-amp yana da tsarin infinity. Saboda haka, yana iya haɗa waɗanda suke sama da biyu.
Amma, real op amps suna da CMRR ta finite, kuma ba su iya haɗa duka common mode signals.

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