Calculate the minimum short-circuit current (fault current) at the end of a low-voltage circuit — essential for verifying protective device sensitivity and ensuring safe electrical system design. This tool helps engineers, electricians, and designers determine how much current flows during a short circuit in single-phase, two-phase, or three-phase systems using copper or aluminum conductors. Supports mm²/AWG units, meters/feet/yards length units, and parallel conductors. Key Features: Single-phase, two-phase, three-phase systems support Copper/Aluminum conductors with adjustable cross-sections mm²/AWG unit compatibility for international use Parallel conductors support for complex circuits Accurate calculations based on line resistance and reactance Formula Used The calculation is based on the following formula: I sc,min = U / (√3 × (R L + X L)) Where: U: System voltage RL: Line resistance XL: Line reactance Example For a three-phase system with a voltage of 400 V, a length of 50 m, and a copper conductor of 16 mm², the calculated minimum short-circuit current is approximately 8.5 kA. Applications Residential wiring projects: Ensuring circuit breakers can handle potential faults. Commercial buildings: Verifying protection coordination for safety compliance. Industrial installations: Designing robust electrical systems that meet rigorous standards. Educational purposes: Teaching students about electrical engineering principles and fault analysis. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Q: What is a short circuit? A: A short circuit occurs when there is an abnormal low-resistance connection between two points of an electrical circuit that are normally at different voltages. Q: How do I find a short circuit? A: Use diagnostic tools like multimeters or specialized equipment to detect unusual voltage drops or high currents indicating a fault. Q: Does a short circuit always trip a breaker? A: Not necessarily. If the fault current is too low due to long wire runs or high impedance, the breaker may not trip. This is why calculating minimum fault current is crucial. Q: How to calculate current in a short circuit? A: The calculator automates this process using the standard formula provided above, taking into account system voltage, conductor material, length, and size. Why Choose Our Calculator? Our Minimum Short-Circuit Current Calculator provides accurate results for professionals needing to ensure the reliability and safety of their electrical designs. With support for multiple system types, conductor materials, and units, it’s a versatile tool for any project.

Calculate equivalent capacitance for capacitors in series or parallel. Supports µF, nF, pF. Useful for circuit design, filter tuning, and electronics education. When You Need This Calculation Designing a low-pass filter using multiple capacitors Creating a custom capacitance value when exact part is unavailable Building a power supply decoupling network Teaching students about series and parallel circuits Repairing vintage audio equipment with obsolete components How Equivalent Capacitance Is Calculated Series Connection In a series connection, the total capacitance is given by: 1/C_eq = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ... + 1/Cₙ Key points: Total capacitance is always less than the smallest individual capacitor Used to increase voltage rating (voltage divides across capacitors) Common in high-voltage applications Parallel Connection In a parallel connection, the total capacitance is simply the sum: C_eq = C₁ + C₂ + ... + Cₙ Key points: Total capacitance is greater than any single capacitor Used to increase energy storage or reduce ESR Ideal for bypass and decoupling circuits Note: The calculator handles both cases automatically based on your selection. Unit Support The tool supports automatic conversion between common units: Farad (F) — base unit Microfarad (µF) = 10⁻⁶ F Nanofarad (nF) = 10⁻⁹ F Picofarad (pF) = 10⁻¹² F Just enter the value with its unit (e.g., 10µF, 220nF, 100pF), and the calculator will normalize them before computation. Industry-Specific Applications Field Use Case Why It Matters Audio Engineering Designing tone controls or crossover networks Combining capacitors allows precise frequency response shaping Power Electronics Decoupling capacitors in switching power supplies Parallel capacitors reduce impedance at high frequencies RF Circuits Tuning circuits with variable capacitance Series combinations allow fine-tuning of resonant frequency Education Teaching Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's laws Visualizing how components combine in circuits DIY Projects Building simple oscillators or timers Custom capacitance values enable unique circuit behavior Frequently Asked Questions How do I calculate total capacitance in series? For capacitors in series: 1/C_eq = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + ... + 1/Cₙ. The total capacitance is always less than the smallest individual capacitor. What is the formula for parallel capacitors? For capacitors in parallel: C_eq = C₁ + C₂ + ... + Cₙ. The total capacitance is the sum of all individual values. Can I use different units like µF and nF? Yes! The calculator automatically converts between µF, nF, and pF. Just enter the value with its unit, and it will be normalized before calculation. Why is this useful in real circuits? In practice, you may not have a capacitor with the exact value needed. By combining smaller ones in series or parallel, you can achieve the desired capacitance for filters, timing circuits, or power supply decoupling.

This tool calculates the equivalent resistance of several resistors connected either in series or in parallel. Enter each resistor value with its unit (Ω, kΩ, or MΩ), and the calculator will apply the correct formula automatically. How It Works Resistors in Series When resistors are connected end-to-end (in series), their resistances add up: Req = R₁ + R₂ + ... + Rₙ The total resistance is always greater than any individual resistor. Resistors in Parallel When resistors share the same two nodes (in parallel), the reciprocal of the total resistance equals the sum of the reciprocals: 1/Req = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ... + 1/Rₙ The total resistance is always less than the smallest individual resistor. Supported Units Ohm (Ω) Kiloohm (kΩ) = 1,000 Ω Megaohm (MΩ) = 1,000,000 Ω You can mix units—e.g., enter "1k", "470", and "2.2M"—and the calculator will convert them correctly. Common Applications Voltage divider circuits: Combine two resistors to scale down a voltage. Current limiting: Use a series resistor to protect LEDs or sensors. Pull-up/pull-down networks: Set default logic levels in digital circuits. Impedance matching: Adjust total resistance for signal integrity. Educational labs: Teach Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s laws. Example Calculations Configuration Resistor Values Equivalent Resistance Series 100 Ω, 200 Ω, 300 Ω 600 Ω Parallel 1 kΩ, 1 kΩ 500 Ω Parallel 10 kΩ, 10 kΩ, 10 kΩ ≈3.33 kΩ Frequently Asked Questions Can I use this for more than 10 resistors? Yes. Most implementations allow you to add as many resistors as needed—the formulas work for any number of components. Why is parallel resistance lower than individual values? Because current has multiple paths to flow through. More paths mean less overall opposition to current—hence lower total resistance. What if I enter an invalid value like "abc"? The calculator will typically ignore non-numeric inputs or show an error. Always use numbers followed by optional unit symbols (e.g., 4.7k, 100, 2M).

Calculate the operating current (Ib) of electrical equipment based on active power, voltage, power factor, and coincidence factor—essential for sizing cables, breakers, and protection devices in AC systems. This tool helps engineers, electricians, and designers determine the actual running current under real-world conditions, including multiple loads with varying usage patterns. Supports: Single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase AC systems Standard voltages (e.g., 230V L-N, 400V L-L) Custom voltage input Adjustable power factor (cosφ) Adjustable coincidence factor (Fc) for group load estimation Input via active power (P) or apparent power (S) Key Formulas Single-phase: I b = (F c × P) / (U 0 × cosφ) I b = (F c × S) / U 0 Two-phase: I b = (F c × P) / (U × cosφ) I b = (F c × S) / U Three-phase: I b = (F c × P) / (√3 × U × cosφ) I b = (F c × S) / (√3 × U) Apparent Power: S = √(P² + Q²) Variables: Ib: Operating current (A) Fc: Coincidence factor (0–1) P: Active power (W) Q: Reactive power (VAr) S: Apparent power (VA) U0: Line-to-neutral voltage (V) U: Line-to-line voltage (V) cosφ: Power factor (0.1–1.0) Example Three-phase system, 400 V (L-L), 10 kW, PF = 0.85, F c = 1.0 → Operating current ≈ 19.5 A Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) What is operating current? Operating current (Ib) is the actual current drawn by equipment during normal operation, adjusted for load diversity using the coincidence factor. Why include coincidence factor? Because not all loads operate at full capacity simultaneously. For example, a factory may have 10 motors, but only 7 run at once → use Fc = 0.7 to avoid over-sizing circuits. Can I use this for DC systems? No—this calculator is designed for AC systems only. For DC, use I = P / V (no √3 or power factor). How do I find the power factor if I don’t know it? Use typical values: 0.8–0.9 for motors, 0.95–1.0 for resistive loads (heaters, lighting). You can adjust it to see how current changes. Applications Electrical Design: Size conductors, circuit breakers, and fuses based on actual load demand. Panel Load Calculation: Estimate total current for multiple devices using coincidence factor. Energy Audits: Convert nameplate data into real-world current draw. Renewable Integration: Calculate inverter output current with partial load factors. Educational Use: Teach students about AC power relationships and load diversity. Who Should Use This Tool? Electrical engineers designing LV distribution systems Electricians installing motors, pumps, or HVAC systems Maintenance technicians troubleshooting overloads Facility managers planning upgrades or expansions Students learning AC power fundamentals

Calculate DC and AC voltage from current, resistance, power, impedance, or power factor. Supports Ohm’s Law, real/reactive power, and RMS values for engineers, technicians, and students. Known Parameters Formula Circuit Type Notes Current (I), Resistance (R) V = I × R DC / AC resistive Ohm’s Law; valid for heaters, incandescent lamps Active Power (P), Current (I) V = P / I DC / AC (with real power) Ensure P is active power (W), not apparent (VA) Active Power (P), Resistance (R) V = √(P × R) DC / AC resistive Derived from P = V²/R Current (I), Impedance (Z) V = I × Z AC (inductive/capacitive) Z includes resistance + reactance; use RMS values P, I, Power Factor (PF) V = P / (I × PF) General AC PF = cosφ; critical for motors, transformers How to Choose the Right Formula Your choice depends on what you can measure or know: Working with batteries or simple electronics? Use Ohm’s Law (I and R). Reading a wattmeter or nameplate? Use V = P / I (ensure it’s active power in watts). Dealing with motors, SMPS, or fluorescent lighting? You must account for power factor or impedance—use the AC-specific rows. Why Voltage Matters in Practice Voltage Drop in Wiring Excessive drop (>3%) causes motors to overheat and lights to dim. Calculate using cable resistance and load current. Power Supply Validation A 12 V solar charge controller delivering only 10.5 V may fail to charge a lead-acid battery properly. Equipment Compatibility Applying 240 V to a 230 V-rated appliance may shorten its lifespan due to increased core losses. Key Concepts Clarified DC Circuits: Voltage is constant. Only resistance matters. AC Circuits: Voltage oscillates. What matters is the RMS value (e.g., 230 V AC means 230 V RMS, ~325 V peak). Reactive components shift current relative to voltage, requiring impedance (Z) and power factor (PF) for accurate calculation. Common Mistakes Using apparent power (S in VA) instead of active power (P in W) in V = P / I Assuming PF = 1 for non-resistive loads Ignoring that multimeters report RMS for AC by default (true for sine waves only) Applying DC formulas to variable-frequency drives or LED drivers Note: For three-phase systems, this calculator handles per-phase voltage. Total system analysis requires additional considerations (e.g., line vs. phase voltage).

Calculate voltage drop in DC and AC circuits using IEC 60364-5-52 and NEC standards. Supports wire size, length, material, temperature, and parallel conductors for engineers, electricians, and designers. Parameter Purpose Typical Values Impact on Voltage Drop Current Type DC or AC — affects resistance and reactance modeling DC, AC (50/60 Hz) AC includes inductive reactance; DC uses pure resistance Voltage Supply voltage (phase-to-neutral or phase-to-phase) 120 V, 230 V, 400 V Higher supply voltage → lower % drop for same current Load Power demand of the circuit (VA or W) 1000 VA, 5 kW Higher load → higher current → greater voltage drop Wire Size Cross-sectional area of conductor (mm² or AWG) 1 mm², 14 AWG, 6 mm² Larger size → lower resistance → less drop Phase Conductors in Parallel Number of identical conductors used in parallel 1, 2, 3 More parallel wires → reduced total resistance → lower drop Line Length One-way distance from source to load 1 m, 100 ft, 50 m Longer lines → higher resistance → more drop Conductor Material Material affecting resistivity (e.g., copper vs aluminum) Copper, Aluminum Copper has ~40% lower resistivity than aluminum Cable Type Number of conductors per cable (affects impedance) Unipolar, Bipolar, Tripolar Multi-conductor cables may have higher inductance Operating Temperature Maximum allowable temperature of insulation 70°C, 90°C, 105°C Higher temp → increased resistance → higher drop Why Voltage Drop Matters Excessive voltage drop leads to: Dim lighting — incandescent bulbs lose brightness at low voltage Motor overheating — motors draw more current to compensate, risking failure Reduced efficiency — power electronics operate outside optimal range Non-compliance — violates IEC 60364-5-52 (max 3% for lighting, 5% for other loads) Key Standards & Guidelines IEC 60364-5-52 Annex G Specifies maximum permissible voltage drop in final circuits: Lights: ≤ 3% of supply voltage Other loads: ≤ 5% Total system: ≤ 10% NEC Article 215 Requires voltage drop consideration for feeder and branch circuits: Recommended limit: 3% for feeders + 3% for branch circuits = 6% total Must be considered in design, not just troubleshooting How This Calculator Works The tool calculates voltage drop using the following principles: For DC: VD = I × R × L / 1000 (R in Ω/km, L in m) For AC: VD = √(3) × I × (R × cosφ + X × sinφ) × L / 1000 Resistance (R): R = ρ × L / A, where ρ is resistivity (Ω·mm²/m), L is length, A is cross-section Temperature correction: Resistance increases by ~0.4% per °C for copper Parallel conductors: Total resistance reduced proportionally to number of wires Common Design Mistakes Using too small wire size for long runs without checking drop Ignoring temperature effects in hot environments (e.g., motor rooms) Assuming all loads are purely resistive (ignoring PF) Not accounting for multiple conductors in parallel Applying single-phase formulas to three-phase systems incorrectly Real-World Use Cases Solar PV Systems: Ensure voltage drop from panels to inverter is within 2–3% Industrial Motors: Avoid under-voltage startup that causes high inrush current Commercial Lighting: Prevent flickering in long corridors EV Charging Stations: Verify voltage at vehicle end meets charging specs Renewable Energy Installations: Optimize cable sizing for cost and performance Note: This calculator assumes balanced three-phase loads and sinusoidal waveforms. For non-linear or unbalanced systems, consult a full-load analysis tool.

Calculate DC resistance of copper or aluminum wires with temperature correction, parallel conductors, and mm²/AWG input. Supports IEC 60228 & NEC Table 8 for accurate voltage drop and power loss estimation. Accurately compute the DC resistance (in ohms) of electrical conductors based on material, cross-section, length, temperature, and parallel configuration. Designed for engineers sizing feeders, analyzing losses, or verifying compliance with IEC 60228 and NEC Chapter 9. Why Resistance Matters in Real Systems A 0.1 Ω resistance in a 100 A DC circuit causes 10 V drop and 1 kW of wasted heat Aluminum’s higher resistivity requires ~56% larger cross-section than copper for equal performance Operating at 75°C vs. 20°C increases copper resistance by over 20% Two parallel conductors halve total resistance—but only if perfectly balanced Core Calculation Method The tool applies the temperature-corrected resistivity formula: R = ρ20 · (1 + α · (T - 20)) · L / A · (1 / N) Where: R: Total DC resistance (Ω) ρ20: Resistivity at 20°C (Cu: 1.724×10-8 Ω·m, Al: 2.826×10-8 Ω·m) α: Temperature coefficient (Cu: 0.00393 /°C, Al: 0.00403 /°C) T: Conductor operating temperature (°C) L: Length in meters A: Cross-sectional area in m² (auto-converted from mm² or AWG per IEC 60228) N: Number of identical parallel conductors Note: This calculation assumes uniform current distribution and homogeneous conductor material. Not valid for high-frequency AC. Material Comparison Example Scenario: Select conductor for a 150 m, 80 A DC link at 600 V. Max allowable drop: 3% (18 V). Option Size Area (mm²) R (Ω) V Drop (V) Verdict Copper 2 AWG 33.6 0.077 6.16 ✅ Acceptable Aluminum 1/0 AWG 53.5 0.076 6.08 ✅ Acceptable, lower cost Result: Aluminum achieves comparable performance with proper upsizing—validating cost-effective design. Key Limitations No AC effects: Skin effect, proximity effect, and inductance are ignored Uniform temperature assumed: Does not model thermal gradients along the cable Ideal parallel balance: Assumes identical impedance in all parallel paths Stranding factor not applied: Uses nominal area; real stranded wire may have 1–2% higher resistance Industry-Specific Applications Field Use Case Why It Matters Solar PV String-to-combiner wiring Every 0.5% power loss reduces annual energy yield Battery Energy Storage Inter-rack busbars High pulse currents make low R critical for efficiency Industrial Control 24VDC sensor loops Excessive drop causes false signals or relay chatter EV Charging DC fast charger cables I²R heating limits continuous current rating Audio Engineering Speaker wire runs Resistance affects damping factor and bass response For Professionals Who Specify conductor materials and sizes to meet voltage drop limits in renewable energy systems Quantify I²R losses in DC power distribution for energy efficiency audits Verify compliance with NEC Chapter 9 Table 8 or IEC 60228 resistivity requirements Design low-voltage control circuits where even 0.5V drop matters Teach the relationship between resistivity, temperature, and conductor geometry Reference Standards IEC 60228: Standardizes conductor cross-sections and maximum DC resistance values NEC Chapter 9, Table 8: Provides DC resistance data for copper conductors at 75°C IEEE 835: Recommended practice for calculating conductor resistance with temperature correction BS 6361: British standard for resistivity of copper and aluminum conductors Frequently Asked Questions How does temperature affect wire resistance? Resistance increases linearly with temperature. For every 10°C rise, copper resistance increases by ~4%. Always use operating temperature—not ambient—for accurate calculations. Why is my calculated resistance different from the cable datasheet? Datasheets list maximum DC resistance at 20°C. This calculator computes actual resistance at your specified temperature and length, including parallel conductors—providing a more realistic value for design. Can I use this for AC circuits? Only for rough estimates. AC resistance includes skin effect and proximity effects. Use an AC impedance calculator for final design. Does AWG to mm² conversion affect accuracy? Yes—this tool uses standard cross-sectional areas from IEC 60228 (e.g., 10 AWG = 5.26 mm²), not nominal values. This ensures compliance with international standards.

Calculate maximum prospective short-circuit current (Isc) at any point in a low-voltage AC circuit per IEC 60909. Supports 3-phase, L-L, L-N, and L-PE faults based on source impedance and conductor data. Who Uses This Tool? Designed for electrical engineers, solar designers, electricians, and facility managers who need to verify equipment safety and code compliance. Whether you're sizing breakers for a commercial panel, designing a PV system, or performing an arc flash study, this calculator helps ensure your installation can safely withstand fault conditions. Calculation Principles The maximum short-circuit current is determined by the total impedance between the source and the fault location, including: Available short-circuit current at the origin (kA) System voltage (V) – with 5% overvoltage factor (c = 1.05) Line length (m/ft/yd) Conductor material (Copper or Aluminum) Conductor cross-section (mm² or AWG) Cable type (Unipolar, Multicore, etc.) affecting reactance Number of parallel conductors per phase/neutral/PE Type of fault: Three-phase (L1-L2-L3) Phase-to-phase (L-L) Phase-to-neutral (L-N) Phase-to-protective earth (L-PE) Longer lines, smaller cross-sections, aluminum conductors, or higher-resistance installations reduce the short-circuit current at the load end due to increased line impedance (R + jX). Underlying Formulas (IEC-based) Three-phase fault: I SC = (1.05 × U) / (√3 × Z L) Phase-to-phase fault: I SC = (1.05 × U) / (2 × Z L) Phase-to-neutral fault: I SC = (1.05 × U) / (√3 × (Z L + Z N)) Phase-to-PE fault: I SC = (1.05 × U) / (√3 × (Z L + Z PE)) Where ZL, ZN, and ZPE are the total impedances of phase, neutral, and protective earth conductors, respectively—adjusted for length, material, cross-section, and parallel paths. Key Applications Circuit breaker & fuse selection: Verify that the device’s rated breaking capacity (Icn or Icu) exceeds the calculated ISC at its installation point—essential for meeting NEC and IEC SCCR requirements. Protection coordination: Ensure selective tripping between upstream and downstream devices by comparing actual fault currents against time-current curves. Arc flash risk assessment: Estimate incident energy levels to determine if arc-resistant switchgear or PPE is required. Conductor thermal withstand: Check that cables can endure short-circuit heating without damage (using I²t or adiabatic equation). Solar PV system design: Confirm that MPPT trackers and inverters are rated for the maximum short-circuit current from your PV strings—critical for avoiding equipment damage under fault conditions. Typical Input Example • Source short-circuit current: 10 kA • System voltage: 220 V (single-phase) or 400 V (three-phase) • Conductor material: Copper • Phase size: 1.5 mm² (≈ 16 AWG) • Neutral & PE size: 1.5 mm² • Line length: 10 meters • Fault type: Phase-to-earth (L-PE) Common Questions Answered How do you calculate maximum short-circuit current? It’s derived from system voltage and total impedance: ISC = (1.05 × U) / Ztotal, where Ztotal includes both source and line impedances. This tool automates the full calculation—including conductor resistance, reactance, parallel paths, and fault type. What is SCCR, and why does it matter? SSCR (Short-Circuit Current Rating) is the maximum fault current a device can safely interrupt. Your calculated ISC must be ≤ the SCCR of all downstream equipment—otherwise, catastrophic failure can occur during a fault. Does the NEC 125% rule apply here? Yes—for continuous loads, NEC Article 210.20 requires overcurrent devices to be rated at least 125% of the load current. While this rule governs normal operation, your short-circuit analysis ensures the same device can also handle abnormal fault conditions. Can this be used for solar systems? Absolutely. Solar designers use this tool to verify that the short-circuit current from PV strings does not exceed the input rating of inverters or MPPT trackers—a common requirement in UL 1741 and IEC 62109.

Calculate maximum cable length for DC, single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase systems while respecting voltage drop limits and insulation temperature ratings. Supports copper/aluminum, parallel conductors, and IEC 60364 & NEC Article 215 compliance. When You Need This Calculation Determining how far a 24V DC solar panel can be from its charge controller Sizing feeders for a 480V three-phase motor located 500 m from the main panel Verifying if a 230V lighting circuit can extend to the end of a long corridor without flickering Designing low-voltage DC distribution in a data center with strict efficiency targets Checking if existing wiring can support a new high-power load without exceeding temperature ratings How Maximum Length Is Determined The tool solves the inverse of Ohm's Law: L_max = (V_drop × A) / (ρ × I × N) Where: L_max: Maximum allowable length (m) V_drop: Allowable voltage drop (V) A: Conductor cross-sectional area (mm²) ρ: Resistivity at operating temperature (Ω·mm²/m) I: Load current (A) N: Number of parallel conductors Note: For AC systems, the formula includes power factor and phase configuration. Temperature & Insulation Rating Conductor temperature affects both resistance and insulation life. This calculator uses temperature-corrected resistivity based on: Insulation Type IEC/CEI NEC Typical Applications PVC 70°C 60–75°C General wiring, indoor circuits XLPE/EPR 90°C 90°C Outdoor, buried, industrial Mineral Insulated 105°C 90°C High-temperature environments, fire-rated THHN/XHHW 90°C 75–90°C Commercial buildings, wet locations Industry-Specific Applications Field Use Case Why It Matters Solar PV String-to-combiner box distance Excessive drop reduces system efficiency and MPPT performance Industrial Motors Feeder from panel to motor Low voltage causes torque reduction and overheating Lighting Systems Long runs in corridors or tunnels 3% max drop ensures consistent brightness and lamp life Data Centers DC power distribution units (PDUs) Efficiency loss directly impacts PUE and cooling load EV Charging From transformer to charging station High currents require careful length planning to avoid voltage sag Reference Standards IEC 60364: Electrical installations in buildings — limits voltage drop to 3% for lighting, 5% for motors NEC Article 215: Requires voltage drop not exceed 3% for branch circuits, 5% total from source to outlet IEEE 141: Recommended practice for electric power distribution in industrial plants UL 486A/B: Wiring device standards including temperature ratings Frequently Asked Questions Why is cable length limited by temperature? Conductors heat up under load. If temperature exceeds insulation rating (e.g., 70°C PVC), it can degrade over time. This calculator ensures both voltage drop and thermal safety are met. Can I use this for underground cables? Yes, but ensure you input the actual operating temperature. Underground cables may run hotter due to soil resistivity and lack of airflow. What is the difference between % and V voltage drop? Percentage drop is relative to supply voltage (e.g., 3% of 230V = 6.9V). Use % for general design; use V when specifying exact tolerance (e.g., motor starter requires ≤10V drop). Does this support multi-core cables? Yes—select 'Multipolar' or specific types like Tripolar, Quadrupolar, etc. The tool assumes all conductors are identical in size, material, and length.

Free online cable power loss calculator. Instantly compute I²R losses, voltage drop, and efficiency for DC/AC systems — supports copper, aluminum, and parallel conductors. How much power is lost as heat in your wires? Enter voltage, load, length, and wire size to instantly calculate I²R losses, voltage drop, and circuit efficiency — compliant with IEC 60364 and NEC standards. Supported Systems & Parameters System Types Direct Current (DC) Single-phase AC Two-phase Three-phase (3-wire or 4-wire) Input Parameters Voltage: Phase-to-neutral (single-phase) or phase-to-phase (polyphase) Load Power: In kW or VA Power Factor: 0–1 (default: 0.8) Wire Size: Cross-sectional area (mm² or AWG) Material: Copper (Cu) or Aluminum (Al) Length: One-way distance (meters) Operating Temperature: Auto-adjusted based on insulation type (PVC, XLPE, etc.) Parallel Conductors: Supported for higher current capacity Output Results Conductor resistance (Ω/km) Total circuit resistance (Ω) Power loss (W or kW) Energy loss (kWh/year, optional) Voltage drop (% and V) Temperature-corrected resistance Compliant with IEC 60364 and NEC Article 310. Designed for electrical engineers, solar installers, and industrial designers.